初中語(yǔ)法總結(jié)
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法
一.名詞I.名詞的種類(lèi):
專(zhuān)有名詞國(guó)名.地名.人名,團(tuán)體.機(jī)構(gòu)名稱(chēng)II.名詞的數(shù):
1.規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:
名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es。現(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下:
規(guī)則1234567一般情況在詞尾加-s以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-es加-smap-maps,girl-girls,day-daysclass-classes,watch-watches,dish-dishesthief-thieves,knife-knives,wife-wivesbelief-beliefs,,roof-roofs,party-parties,family-families,story-stories,toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoespiano-pianos,photo-photos,radio-radios,zoo-zoos例詞個(gè)體名詞可數(shù)名詞集體名詞抽象名詞普通名詞不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加-es以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,或?qū)S忻~以y結(jié)尾的,加-s以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞一般加-es不少外來(lái)詞加-s以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-s2.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):
英語(yǔ)里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的,現(xiàn)歸納如下:
規(guī)則12345改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式單復(fù)數(shù)相同只有復(fù)數(shù)形式一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)(整體)也可以作復(fù)數(shù)(成員)表6示加-s單復(fù)數(shù)同形以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-womenIII.名詞的所有格:
名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語(yǔ)法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種:一是名詞詞尾加’s構(gòu)成,二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西,后者多表示無(wú)生命的東西。1.’s所有格的用法:1234表示時(shí)間表示自然現(xiàn)象表示國(guó)家城市等地方的名詞表示工作群體today’snewspaper,fiveweeks’holidaytheearth’satmosphere,thetree’sbranchestheworld’spopulation,China’sindustrytheship’screw,majority’sview,theteam’svictoryclass,family,group,government,population,team,public,partyAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,EuropeansChinese,JapaneseEnglishmen,Frenchwomen例詞man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,trousers,clothes,glasses,people,police,cattle“某國(guó)人”3.of所有格的用法:用于無(wú)生命的東西:thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook
有時(shí)也用于有生命的東西,尤其是有較長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)時(shí):theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents二.冠詞
冠詞分為不定冠詞(a,an),定冠詞(the)。I.不定冠詞的用法:134567第一次提及某人某物,非特指表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every,one用于人名前,表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有類(lèi)似性質(zhì)的人或事用于固定詞組中用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后用于so(as,too,how)+形容詞之后表示某一類(lèi)人或物用于世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前表示說(shuō)話(huà)雙方都了解的或上文提到過(guò)的人或事用于樂(lè)器前面表示“一家人”或“夫婦”用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前用于國(guó)家黨派名詞前在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前,指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代用于方位名詞,身體部位名詞,及表示時(shí)間的詞組前Aboyiswaitingforyou.Westudyeighthoursaday.AMr.Smithcametovisityouwhenyouwereoutabit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,Thisroomisratherabigone.Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.II.定冠詞的用法:1234578910Thehorseisausefulanimal.theuniverse,themoon。Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?playtheviolin,playtheguitartheGreens,theWangsHeisthetallerofthetwochildren.theUnitedStates,,theFrenchinthe1990’sHepattedmeontheshoulder.三.代詞:
I.代詞可以分為以下七大類(lèi):1人稱(chēng)代詞物主代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性I,you,he,she,it,we,you,theyme,you,him,her,it,us,you,themmy,your,his,her,its,our,theirmine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirsmyself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselvesthis,that,these,those,such,somewho,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whateverthat,which,who,whom,whose,asone/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittle,other/another,all/both,neither/either23反身代詞4指示代詞5疑問(wèn)代詞6關(guān)系代詞7不定代詞四.形容詞和副詞I.形容詞:1.形容詞的位置:
1)形容詞作定語(yǔ)通常前置,但在下列情況后置:1修飾some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)以-able,-ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級(jí)或only修飾的名詞之后nobodyabsent,everythingpossiblethebestbookavailable,theonlysolutionpossibletheonlypersonawake23alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置4和空間、時(shí)間、單位連用時(shí)5成對(duì)的形容詞可以后置6形容詞短語(yǔ)一般后置II.副詞副詞的分類(lèi):1時(shí)間副詞2地點(diǎn)副詞3方式副詞4程度副詞soon,now,early,finally,once,recentlyhere,nearby,outside,upwards,abovehard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,reallyalmost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather567abridge50meterslongahugeroomsimpleandbeautifulamandifficulttogetonwith頻度副詞疑問(wèn)副詞連接副詞always,often,frequently,seldom,neverhow,where,when,whyhow,when,where,why,whether,however,meanwhilewhen,where,why8關(guān)系副詞III.形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí):
形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)分為原級(jí),比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est,多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more和most。
1可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞有:much,many,alot,even,far,abit,alittle,any,。
2.表示一方隨另一方變化時(shí)用“themore…themore…”句型。如:Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake.
3用比較級(jí)來(lái)表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思。如:Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.4.表示倍數(shù)的比較級(jí)有如下幾種句型:
Ourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesaslargeasyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesthesizeofyours.
5.表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒(méi)有最高級(jí)和比較級(jí)。如:favourite,excellent,extreme,perfect。五.介詞
常見(jiàn)介詞有in、on、at、since、from、after、to、besides、except等,同學(xué)們?cè)谌粘W(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)留心。六.動(dòng)詞I.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài):
1.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一共有16種,以ask為例,將其各種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式列表如下:一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在時(shí)ask/asksam/is/areaskinghave/hasasked過(guò)去時(shí)askedwas/wereaskinghadasked將來(lái)時(shí)shall/willaskshall/willbeaskingshall/willhaveasked過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should/wouldaskshould/wouldbeaskingshould/wouldhaveasked2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別:
1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況,但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,它不能同表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,漢譯英時(shí)可加“已經(jīng)”等詞。簡(jiǎn)言之,利用過(guò)去,說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在。如:Ihavealreadyreadthenovelwrittenbytheworld-famouswriter.(已經(jīng)看過(guò),且了解這本書(shū)的內(nèi)容)2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān),它可和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,漢譯英時(shí)可加“過(guò)”,“了”等詞。簡(jiǎn)言之,僅談過(guò)去,不關(guān)現(xiàn)在。如:
IlivedinBeijingfortenyears.(只說(shuō)明在北京住過(guò)十年,與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān))3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的表達(dá)方式:將來(lái)時(shí)用法表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)含有“打算,計(jì)劃,即將”做某事,或表例句Mysisterwillbetennextyear.It’sgoingtoclearup.1will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形2begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形示很有可能要發(fā)生某事3be+doing進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形go,come,start,move,leave,arrive等詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示安排或計(jì)劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)We’regoingtohaveapartytonight.Heismovingtothesouth.AretheyleavingforEurope?Iwasabouttoleavewhenthebellrang.We’retomeetattheschoolgateatnoon.Themeetingstartsatfiveo’clock.45beto+動(dòng)詞原形6一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)七.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)時(shí)刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情,可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)II.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must,may,might,could,can表示推測(cè):
以must為例。must+do(be)是推測(cè)現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)進(jìn)行;must+bedoing推測(cè)可能正在進(jìn)行的事情;must+havedone是推測(cè)可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情。1.must“肯定,一定”語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng),只用于肯定句中。
HemustbeamanfromAmerica./Hemustbetalkingwithhisfriend./Hemusthavealreadyarrivedthere.2.may和might“也許”,后者語(yǔ)氣弱,更沒(méi)有把握?捎糜诳隙ň浜头穸ň。Hemaynotbeathome./Theymighthavefinishedtheirtask.
3.can和could“可能”,could表示可疑的可能性,不及can’t語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng),用于肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)句中。Theweatherinthatcitycouldbecoldnow..(推測(cè)某事本來(lái)可能發(fā)生,但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生)
Canhebeintheofficenow?No,hecan’tbethere,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.(語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng),常用于疑問(wèn)和否定句中)八.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
I.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)、意義及構(gòu)成:非謂語(yǔ)形式todo不定式tobedoingtohavedone現(xiàn)在分詞分詞過(guò)去分詞doing動(dòng)名詞havingdonedoinghavingdone構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)tobedonetohavebeendonebeingdonehavingdonedonebeingdonehavingdone九.定語(yǔ)從句
I.定語(yǔ)從句起了形容詞的作用,在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起了連接作用,二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分,并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。
關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞who先行詞人從句成分主語(yǔ)例句Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?備注whom,which和that在從句中做beenbeen在非謂語(yǔ)前加notsb’sdoing具有副詞和形容詞的作用在句中做定、表、賓補(bǔ)和狀語(yǔ)否定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)forsb.todosth.特征和作用具有名詞,副詞和形容詞的作用在句中做主、賓、定、表和狀語(yǔ)具有名詞的作用在句中做主、賓、定和表語(yǔ)Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamwhom人賓語(yǔ)workingwhose人,物定語(yǔ)Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.that人,物主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.which物主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.aswhen關(guān)系副詞whywhere人,物時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.賓語(yǔ)時(shí),常可以省略,但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略,也不可以用thatas做賓語(yǔ)一般不省略可用onwhich可用inwhich可用forwhich十.名詞性從句
有主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句,這里僅探討賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。種類(lèi)賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句作用在復(fù)合句中做賓語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于名詞放在名詞之后(news,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,thought,hope,fact等)表明其具體內(nèi)容例句Heaskedmewhichteamcouldwinthegame.Youhavenoideahowworriedweare.Thefactthatheliedagaingreatlysurprisedus.十一。狀語(yǔ)從句種類(lèi)連接詞注意點(diǎn)從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);when,whenever,while,as,before,after,until,till,主句表示將來(lái)意義時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)bythetime,assoonas,hardly…when,nowhile引導(dǎo)的從句中動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的;sooner…than,themoment,theminute,until用在肯定句中主句動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的,而否定句中主句動(dòng)詞為短暫性的。because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),since較弱,表示大家都明了的原因,as又次之。代替sothat和inorderthat后常接may,should,could,would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞as在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中常用倒裝形式;although和though用正常語(yǔ)序,可和yet連用,但不可和but連用immediately,directly,instantly地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)條件狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)sothat,inorderthat,forfearthatso…that,such…thatthough,although,evenif,eventhough,as,no讓步狀語(yǔ)matterwhat,whatever,nomatterwho,whoever,nomatterwhich,whichever,nomatterhow,however,nomatterwhen,wheneverwhere,whereverbecause,as,since,nowthatif,unless,once,incase,aslongas,oncondition從句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不可用將來(lái)時(shí),常用一般時(shí)that十二。倒裝句種類(lèi)完全倒裝倒裝條件here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子表示強(qiáng)調(diào)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)位于句首never,hardly,seldom,little,notuntil,not等表示否定意義的副詞放于句首o(hù)nly和修飾的狀語(yǔ)放于句首notonly…butalso連接并列的句子,前倒后不倒as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)用于表示祝愿的祈使句中十三。虛擬語(yǔ)氣類(lèi)別與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用法從句動(dòng)詞:過(guò)去式(be用were)主句動(dòng)詞:should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形從句動(dòng)詞:had+過(guò)去分詞主句動(dòng)詞:should/would/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞從句動(dòng)詞:過(guò)去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/were+不定式主句動(dòng)詞:should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形例句Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.Ifitshouldrain例句Outrushedthechildren.Underthetreestoodtwotablesandfourchairs.HardlydidIknowwhathadhappened.OnlythendidherealizetheimportanceofEnglish.NotonlydoesheknowFrench,butalsoheisexpertatit.Childasheis,hehaslearnedalot.Mayyoubeingoodhealth!部分倒裝If引導(dǎo)的條件從句與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反tomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.Theyaretalkingasif其它狀語(yǔ)從句asif引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成式theyhadbeenfriendsforyears.inorderthat/sothat引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞用can/could/may/Turnonthelightsothatmight/would等+動(dòng)詞原形demand,suggest,order,insist后接的從句中動(dòng)詞為should+動(dòng)詞原形賓語(yǔ)從句wish后的從句中分別用過(guò)去式,過(guò)去完成式和should/would+動(dòng)詞原形表示與現(xiàn)在,過(guò)去和將來(lái)情況相反Itistimethat…句型中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或should+動(dòng)詞原形其它句型中Ifonly句型中動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式或者過(guò)去完成式,表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望
wouldrather所接的從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或者過(guò)去完成式wecanseeitclearly.Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.It’shightimethatweleft.Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!
擴(kuò)展閱讀:初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)一覽表
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)一覽表
語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句Hegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunchathome.Hewrotealetteryesterday.Istudiedhardlastyear.Areyougoingtoread?Heiscomingtomorrow.Tomiswritingnow.Theyarelyingonthebed.動(dòng)詞用原形一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)-s/es動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)Bewas/werebegoingto+V原一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall+V原Everyoftenalwayson天in一般-ses輔have----has月、季、節(jié)、年。音+y---ies/In1998一般/去e雙寫(xiě)go-wentcome-came/輔+y結(jié)尾-do-didleave-left等iedGocomeleavestayfly等用進(jìn)行表將來(lái)ago/justnow表過(guò)去某個(gè)、段時(shí)間內(nèi)last/yesterday等動(dòng)作及狀態(tài)在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)要做的事tomorrow/afternext/tonightin201*現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be+doinglistenlooknow表此時(shí)此刻正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)allthetimeDon’t…作或狀態(tài)一般去e雙寫(xiě)tiedielie+ing變ie為y加ing含糊的頻率現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+PP發(fā)生在過(guò)去影響在現(xiàn)在詞alreadyjustneverever現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行have/hasbeen+doing的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)等was/were+doing.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)多用于復(fù)合句中had+動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)多用于復(fù)合句中atthistimeyesterday表在過(guò)去某時(shí)間正在進(jìn)lastSundayevening行的動(dòng)作bythetime+過(guò)去時(shí)該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)whenafterbefore去副分詞規(guī)則的同不規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分Ihavebeenteachingfor8過(guò)去式是一樣詞需逐個(gè)記憶years.的Hehassleptfortwodays.一般去e雙寫(xiě)tiedielie+ing變ie為y加ing規(guī)則的分詞構(gòu)需要逐個(gè)記憶成與過(guò)去時(shí)一詳見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表樣的HewasreadingatthattimelastFridayWehadlearnt201*wordsbytheendoflastyear.語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethenextday.Sheisthetallinthetwo.HerunsfasterthanTom.Sheisthemostbeautifulinherclass.(最高級(jí)加the)would+V原形過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)多用賓語(yǔ)從句中比較級(jí)形式后--er前加more形容副詞名詞名詞比較用more最高級(jí)形式后-est前加most形容副詞名詞名詞比較用most過(guò)去看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)Hesaidthathe…thenextday.作或狀態(tài)表示兩個(gè)人、物之間進(jìn)行比較時(shí)than/much/alittlefar/inthetwo等一般/去e雙寫(xiě)good/wellbetter/輔+y結(jié)尾-much/manymoreier一般/去e雙寫(xiě)bad/ill/badly-worst/輔+y結(jié)尾-far-farther-farthestiest大于等于三個(gè)人、物之inthe+比較范圍間進(jìn)行比較ofthe具體的數(shù)字動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)todo沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)ToreadishelpfulforHewantstobuyaIhearhimsingyesterday和數(shù)的變化anybodynow.dictionary.Tomtoldmetoopenit.作表語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)HisjobistoHe’llgotoseeadoctorHehasmuchhomeworktakecareoftomorrow.todoeveryday.children.狀語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句主從復(fù)合句句子作狀語(yǔ)(時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因條件讓步比較)句子作賓語(yǔ)(語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)、引導(dǎo)詞、客觀事實(shí))句子作定語(yǔ)(修飾名詞或代詞的句子、注意先行詞)HewaswritingaletterwhenIcamein。HeaskedmeifIhadbeentoBeijingbefore.Isawthemanwhowasstealingmybikeyesterday主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)(人、物)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)WespeakEnglish.動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+及物動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)作承受者主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)(人、物)+bePP+by賓語(yǔ)Englishisspokenbyus動(dòng)作承受者+bePP+by動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中沒(méi)有可以省to的不定式賓改主謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞bePP主by賓主動(dòng)變被動(dòng),先找主、謂、賓,賓改主、主by賓,代詞變格要細(xì)心,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞bepp,時(shí)態(tài)隨主、數(shù)隨被PP是及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞加ed或不規(guī)則詳見(jiàn)表被動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)(be)隨主動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)(do)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)應(yīng)隨被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)(am、is、are、was、were等)
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