英語專四語法總結(jié)—復(fù)合句

英語專四語法總結(jié)復(fù)合句

復(fù)合句形容詞性(定語)從句1.尤其要注意whose的用法

whose在從句中做定語，修飾名詞。所以，如果關(guān)系代詞后面緊接的是名詞，且關(guān)系代詞又不在從句中做主語或賓語，那么，這個關(guān)系代詞就應(yīng)該是whose。如：Heistherightpersonwhosepersonalityiswellrecognized.2.介詞+which的用法如果從句中主賓成分齊全，考生便可考慮關(guān)系代詞是否在從句中做狀語，而狀語通常用介詞短語充當(dāng)，于是可以得知，關(guān)系代詞前面應(yīng)有介詞，再分析所給的選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)與名詞的搭配作出正確選擇。如：

Wearenotconsciousoftheextenttowhichworkprovidesthepsychologicalsatisfactionthatcanmakethedifferencebetweenafullandanemptylife.3.as與which用作關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別

(1)as與thesame,such,so,as等關(guān)聯(lián)使用。如：Astheforestgoes,sogoesitsanimallife.

(2)as和which都可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，但as在句中的位置比較靈活，可出現(xiàn)在句首、句中、句末，而which只能出現(xiàn)在句末，尤其是當(dāng)先行詞是整個句子時。如：Asistrueinallinstitutions,juriesarecapableofmakingmistakes.

Asisgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

常見的這類結(jié)構(gòu)有：ashasbeensaidbefore,ashasbeenmentionedabove,ascanbeimagined,asisknowntoall,ashasbeenannounced,ascanbeseenfromthesefigures,asmight/couldbeexpected,asisoftenthecase,ashasbeenpointedout,asoftenhappens,aswillbeshown等。

4.關(guān)系代詞that與which用于引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別

(1)如果關(guān)系代詞在從句中做賓語，用that,which都可以，而且可以省略；

(2)先行詞是不定代詞anything,nothing,little,all,everything時，關(guān)系代詞用that；

(3)先行詞由形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾或由next，last,only,very修飾時，用that；(4)非限定性定語從句只能用which引導(dǎo)；(5)關(guān)系代詞前面如果有介詞，只能用which。

5.but做關(guān)系代詞，用于否定句，相當(dāng)于who…not,that…not這個結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)是主句中常有否定詞或含有否定意義的詞。如：

Therearefewteachersbutknowhowtouseacomputer.Thereisnocomplicatedproblembutcanbesolvedbyacomputer.復(fù)合句名詞性從句

一個句子起名詞的作用，在句中做主語、賓語／介詞賓語、表語、同位語，那么這個句子就是名詞性從句。

1.what/whatever的用法考生應(yīng)把握：what是關(guān)系代詞，它起著引導(dǎo)從句并在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分這兩個作用。如：

Theylosttheirwayintheforest,andwhatmademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall.(what既引導(dǎo)主語從句又在從句中做主語)

Waterwillcontinuetobewhatitistodaynextinimportancetooxygen.(what既引導(dǎo)表語

從句又在從句中做表語)

2.whoever和whomever的區(qū)別

whoever和whomever相當(dāng)于anyonewho，用主格與賓格取決于其在從句中做主語還是做賓語。如：

Theyalwaysgivethevacantseatstowhoevercomesfirst.(whoever在從句中做主語)3.有關(guān)同位語從句的問題

(1)引導(dǎo)詞通常為that,但有時因名詞內(nèi)容的需要，也可由whether及連接副詞why,when,where,how引導(dǎo)。that不表示任何意義，其他詞表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因等。如：Theproblem,whereIwillhavemycollegeeducation,athomeorabroad,remainsuntouched.(2)同位語從句有時與先行詞隔開，注意識別。如：

Evidencecameupthatspecificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.

4.whether與if在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時的區(qū)別(1)主語從句只能用whether引導(dǎo)；

(2)whether一般多用于賓語從句的肯定式，而if引導(dǎo)的從句可以有否定式；(3)whetherornot可以連在一起用，而ifornot則不能，ornot只能放在句末；(4)whether可以引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句，if則不能；

(5)賓語從句提至謂語前面時，只能用whether引導(dǎo)；

(6)在question,ask后面一般只用whether，question的同位語從句也用whether引導(dǎo)；(7)后接不定式時，只能用whether。

5.動詞believe,expect,fancy,imagine,suppose,think后的賓語從句如為否定式，一般將否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上。

復(fù)合句副詞性(狀語)從句副詞在句中起狀語作用，故如果起狀語作用的部分為一個句子，那么該句便是副詞性從句，也稱狀語從句。狀語從句可細(xì)分為：時間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、讓步、目的、結(jié)果、比較、方式等。

狀語從句的測試重點(diǎn)為：考查考生對主從句之間邏輯意義關(guān)系的把握，看其是否能選擇正確的從屬連詞。

1.條件狀語從句的�？贾�識點(diǎn)

(1)if與unless的用法。if和unless都是引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞，考生應(yīng)尤其注意unless的用法，因?yàn)樗�表示反面條件，相當(dāng)于ifnot“如果不”、“除非”。如：Indebating,onemustcorrecttheopponent’sfacts,denytherelevanceofhisproof,ordenythatwhathepresentsasproof,ifrelevant,issufficient.

(2)復(fù)合連詞aslongas，solongas，asfaras，onconditionthat，intheeventthat；動詞及分詞provided(that)，providing(that)，giventhat,suppose/supposing(that)，assuming，say等引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。如：

YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeetingprovidedyoudon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.

Assumingheisdiligentinhisstudiesatordinarytimes,heissuretopassthetest.

Intheeventthatshehasnotbeeninformed,Iwilltellher.(如果……)Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.(如果……)

Supposeitrained,wewouldstillgo.(假如……)Sayitweretrue,whatwould

youdoaboutit?(假如……)

(3)祈使句表示條件。如：Dresswarmly,orelseyou’llcatchcold.

Talktoanyoneinthedrugindustry,andyou’llsoondiscoverthatthescienceofgeneticsisthebiggestthingtohitdrugresearchsincepenicillinwasdiscovered.

2.讓步狀語從句的�？贾�識點(diǎn)

(1)as引導(dǎo)讓步從句，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，把強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分置于句首。如：Muchashelikesher,hedoesgetirritatedwithhersometimes.Humbleasitmaybe,thereisnoplacelikehome.(2)while引導(dǎo)讓步從句。如:

Everybodycheatsalittle,somepsychologistssay,whileothersinsistthatmostpeoplearebasicallyhonestandsomewouldn’tcheatunderanycircumstances.

(3)復(fù)合連接詞forallthat和分詞granting/granted(that)引導(dǎo)讓步從句。如:Grantedyouhavemademuchprogress,youshouldnotbeconceited.

Forallthatcomputerscanprovideuswithgreathelp,theyshouldn’tbeseenassubstitutesforfundamentalthinkingandreasoningskills.3.時間狀語從句的�？贾�識點(diǎn)

(1)before表示漢語的“只有/必須……才能”。如:Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbeforetheyarefullyaccepted.

(2)when引導(dǎo)時間從句時，如果出現(xiàn)在后半句，則表示“這/那時突然”。如：IhavejuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclotheswhenIheardthevoices.

(3)whenitcomesto是習(xí)慣用法，意為“當(dāng)談到……時”。如：

Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytruewhenitcomestoclassroomtests.

(4)名詞短語、介詞短語each/everytime,themoment/second/minute,inthetime,bythetime起連詞作用。如:

Ihopeherhealthwillhaveimprovedgreatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.

MypainmusthavebeenapparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”

Mercury’svelocityissomuchgreaterthantheEarth’sthatitcompletesmorethanfourrevolutionsaroundtheSuninthetimeittakestheEarthtocompleteone.

(5)副詞directly,immediately,instantly,now引導(dǎo)時間從句,相當(dāng)于assoonas。如:

Thepolicemenwentintoactiondirectlytheyheardthealarm.4.原因狀語從句的�？贾�識點(diǎn)

(1)inthat引導(dǎo)原因從句時,有時翻譯成“是因?yàn)椤�、“就在于”。�?

Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationinthattheadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.

Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.

(2)nowthat表示“既然”;seeingthat,considering表示“鑒于”、“考慮到”。如:Nowthatwehaveallthematerialready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.

Hedidpoorlyintheexaminations,consideringhowhardhehadtriedforthem.

Seeingthatsheislawfullyoldenoughtogetmarried,Idon’tthinkyoucanstopher.

其他引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連接詞語還有:forthe(simple)reasonthat,byreasonthat,onthegroundsthat,inasmuchas,insofaras等。5.while,whereas引導(dǎo)對比從句

如:WhiletheteenagepopulationintheUnitedStateshasdeclinedoverthepastdecade,violentcrimescommittedbyjuvenileshavesharplyincreased.Ababymightshowfearofanunfamiliaradult,whereasheislikelytosmileandreachouttoanotherinfant.

6.so…that…,withtheresultthat,somuchsothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句

如:Overtheyears,alargenumberofoverseasstudentshavestudiedatthatuniversitywiththeresultthatithasacquiredsubstantialexperienceindealingwiththem.

Hehimselfbelievedinfreedom,somuchsothathewouldratherdiethanlivewithoutit.

7.inorderthat,incase,forfearthat,lest(用虛擬語氣)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句如:Givemeyourtelephonenumber,incaseIneedyourhelp.

HelenlistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhatJohnwanted.

8.where作為連接副詞的一種用法,翻譯為“在……地方”

如:InJapan,aperson’scapabilitiesarenotforcedintoaninflexiblespecialty.Wherethereiswillingnessandintelligence,thereisaplacewithinthecompanytotryandtosucceed.

擴(kuò)展閱讀：英語專四語法總結(jié)—復(fù)合句

復(fù)合句名詞性從句

一個句子起名詞的作用，在句中做主語、賓語／介詞賓語、表語、同位語，那么這個句子就是名詞性從句。

1.what/whatever的用法考生應(yīng)把握：what是關(guān)系代詞，它起著引導(dǎo)從句并在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分這兩個作用。如：

Theylosttheirwayintheforest,andwhatmademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall.

(what既引導(dǎo)主語從句又在從句中做主語)

Waterwillcontinuetobewhatitistodaynextinimportancetooxygen.(what既引導(dǎo)表語從句又在從句中做表語)2.whoever和whomever的區(qū)別

whoever和whomever相當(dāng)于anyonewho，用主格與賓格取決于其在從句中做主語還是做賓語。如：

Theyalwaysgivethevacantseatstowhoevercomesfirst.(whoever在從句中做主語)

3.有關(guān)同位語從句的問題

(1)引導(dǎo)詞通常為that,但有時因名詞內(nèi)容的需要，也可由whether及連接副詞why,when,where,how引導(dǎo)。that不表示任何意義，其他詞表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因等。如：Theproblem,whereIwillhavemycollegeeducation,athomeorabroad,remainsuntouched.

(2)同位語從句有時與先行詞隔開，注意識別。如：

Evidencecameupthatspecificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.

4.whether與if在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時的區(qū)別(1)主語從句只能用whether引導(dǎo)；

(2)whether一般多用于賓語從句的肯定式，而if引導(dǎo)的從句可以有否定式；(3)whetherornot可以連在一起用，而ifornot則不能，ornot只能放在句末；(4)whether可以引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句，if則不能；(5)賓語從句提至謂語前面時，只能用whether引導(dǎo)；

(6)在question,ask后面一般只用whether，question的同位語從句也用whether引導(dǎo)；

(7)后接不定式時，只能用whether。

5.動詞believe,expect,fancy,imagine,suppose,think后的賓語從句如為否定式，一般將否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上。復(fù)合句副詞性(狀語)從句

副詞在句中起狀語作用，故如果起狀語作用的部分為一個句子，那么該句便是副詞性從句，也稱狀語從句。狀語從句可細(xì)分為：時間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、讓步、目的、結(jié)果、比較、方式等。

狀語從句的測試重點(diǎn)為：考查考生對主從句之間邏輯意義關(guān)系的把握，看其是否能選擇正確的從屬連詞。

1.條件狀語從句的�？贾�識點(diǎn)

(1)if與unless的用法。if和unless都是引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞，考生應(yīng)尤其注意unless的用法，因?yàn)樗�表示反面條件，相當(dāng)于ifnot“如果不”、“除非”。如：Indebating,onemustcorrecttheopponent’sfacts,denytherelevanceofhisproof,ordenythatwhathepresentsasproof,ifrelevant,issufficient.

(2)復(fù)合連詞aslongas，solongas，asfaras，onconditionthat，intheeventthat；動

詞及分詞

provided(that)

，

providing(that)

，

given

that,

suppose/supposing(that)，assuming，say等引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。如：

YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeetingprovidedyoudon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.

Assumingheisdiligentinhisstudiesatordinarytimes,heissuretopassthetest.

Intheeventthatshehasnotbeeninformed,Iwilltellher.(如果……)

Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.(如果……)Supposeitrained,wewouldstillgo.(假如……)Sayitweretrue,whatwouldyoudoaboutit?(假如……)

(3)祈使句表示條件。如：Dresswarmly,orelseyou’llcatchcold.

Talktoanyoneinthedrugindustry,andyou’llsoondiscoverthatthescienceofgeneticsisthebiggestthingtohitdrugresearchsincepenicillinwasdiscovered.2.讓步狀語從句的�？贾�識點(diǎn)

(1)as引導(dǎo)讓步從句，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，把強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分置于句首。如：Muchashelikesher,hedoesgetirritatedwithhersometimes.

Humbleasitmaybe,thereisnoplacelikehome.(2)while引導(dǎo)讓步從句。如:

Everybodycheatsalittle,somepsychologistssay,whileothersinsistthatmostpeoplearebasicallyhonestandsomewouldn’tcheatunderanycircumstances.(3)復(fù)合連接詞forallthat和分詞granting/granted(that)引導(dǎo)讓步從句。如:Grantedyouhavemademuchprogress,youshouldnotbeconceited.

Forallthatcomputerscanprovideuswithgreathelp,theyshouldn’tbeseenassubstitutesforfundamentalthinkingandreasoningskills.3.時間狀語從句的�？贾�識點(diǎn)

(1)before表示漢語的“只有/必須……才能”。如:Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbeforetheyarefullyaccepted.

(2)when引導(dǎo)時間從句時，如果出現(xiàn)在后半句，則表示“這/那時突然”。如：

IhavejuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclotheswhenIheardthevoices.

(3)whenitcomesto是習(xí)慣用法，意為“當(dāng)談到……時”。如：

Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytruewhenitcomestoclassroomtests.

(4)名詞短語、介詞短語each/everytime,themoment/second/minute,inthetime,bythetime起連詞作用。如:Ihopeherhealthwillhaveimprovedgreatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.

MypainmusthavebeenapparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”

Mercury’svelocityissomuchgreaterthantheEarth’sthatitcompletesmorethanfourrevolutionsaroundtheSuninthetimeittakestheEarthtocompleteone.

(5)副詞directly,immediately,instantly,now引導(dǎo)時間從句,相當(dāng)于assoonas。如:Thepolicemenwentintoactiondirectlytheyheardthealarm.4.原因狀語從句的常考知識點(diǎn)

(1)inthat引導(dǎo)原因從句時,有時翻譯成“是因?yàn)椤�、“就在于”。�?

Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationinthattheadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.

Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.

(2)nowthat表示“既然”;seeingthat,considering表示“鑒于”、“考慮到”。如:Nowthatwehaveallthematerialready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.Hedidpoorlyintheexaminations,consideringhowhardhehadtriedforthem.Seeingthatsheislawfullyoldenoughtogetmarried,Idon’tthinkyoucanstopher.

其他引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連接詞語還有:forthe(simple)reasonthat,byreasonthat,onthegroundsthat,inasmuchas,insofaras等。5.while,whereas引導(dǎo)對比從句

如:WhiletheteenagepopulationintheUnitedStateshasdeclinedoverthepastdecade,violentcrimescommittedbyjuvenileshavesharplyincreased.Ababymightshowfearofanunfamiliaradult,whereasheislikelytosmileandreachouttoanotherinfant.6.so…that…,withtheresultthat,somuchsothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句如:Overtheyears,alargenumberofoverseasstudentshavestudiedatthatuniversitywiththeresultthatithasacquiredsubstantialexperienceindealingwiththem.

Hehimselfbelievedinfreedom,somuchsothathewouldratherdiethanlivewithoutit.

7.inorderthat,incase,forfearthat,lest(用虛擬語氣)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句如:Givemeyourtelephonenumber,incaseIneedyourhelp.

HelenlistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhatJohnwanted.

8.where作為連接副詞的一種用法,翻譯為“在……地方”

如:InJapan,aperson’scapabilitiesarenotforcedintoaninflexiblespecialty.Wherethereiswillingnessandintelligence,thereisaplacewithinthecompanytotryandtosucceed.

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