牛津小學英語語法歸納2
《牛津小學英語》語法歸納2
一、時態(tài)
1.一般現(xiàn)在時
(1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或事情,通常用“usually,often,everyday,sometimes,always,never”等詞。(2)基本結(jié)構(gòu):否定句(Negative)一般疑問句(Yes/No)特殊疑問句(wh-)I/You/We/Theydon’t+動詞Do…?Yes,Ido.Whatdo…?He/She/Itdoesn’t+動詞原形Does…(動詞原形)…?No,shedoesn’t.Howdoesshe…(動詞原形)…?+s-y+ies+eswalk-walksfly-flieswatch-watches肯定句(Positive)動詞原形(V)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式(V+S)(3)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式a.Mostverbsb.Verbsendinginaconsonant+yc.Verbsendingins,sh,chorxd.Others
2.現(xiàn)在進行時
(1).現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作,也可表示當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。
(2).現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動詞ing.(3).現(xiàn)在進行時的否定句在be后加not。
(4).現(xiàn)在進行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到句首。(5)表示正在發(fā)生的動作,通常用“now,look‖.(6)基本形式:be+動詞+ing
eg:Iam(not)doingmyhomework.
You/We/Theyare(not)reading.He/She/Itis(not)eating.Whatareyoudoing?
Ishereading?
(7)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式(do+ing)Mostverbs+ingVerbsendingine-e+ingwalkwalkingcomecomingdo-does,have-has,go-goesShortverbsendinginaDoublerun-runningvowel+aconsonantconsonantswim-swimming3.一般過去時態(tài)
(1)表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,通常用—lastweek,justnow,yesterday‖等詞。(2)be動詞的過去式:am/iswasarewereI/He/she/itwas(not)….You/we/theywere….
一般疑問句was,were放在句首。
(3)過去式基本結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句(Positive)動詞過去式否定句(Negative)Didn’t+動詞原形一般疑問句(Yes/No)特殊疑問句(wh-)Did…+動詞原形…?Whatdid…+動詞原形…?Iwentshoppinglastnight.Ididn’tgoshoppinglastnight.Didyougoshoppinglastnight?Whatdidyoudolastnight?(4)動詞過去式的變化:規(guī)則動詞的變化:一般動詞+edplanted,watered,climbedlikedstudystudied,cry-criedstopstoppedplan-planned過去式haddidatewasweredrovespokewroterodeheardgot
原形gofindsaytakemeanmeetmakeseecometellknow
過去式wentfoundsaidtookmeantmetmadesawcametoldknew
以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾+d輔音字母加y結(jié)尾-y+ied重讀閉音節(jié)單詞,末尾只有一個輔雙寫最后一音字母個字母+ed不規(guī)則動詞的變化:原形過去式原形sweepsweptteachkeepkeptthinksleepsleptbuyfeelfeltdrinkreadreadgiveputputsingcutcutbeginletletringflyflewrundrawdrewsitgrowgrewlearn
4.一般將來時
過去式taughtthoughtboughtdrankgavesangbeganrangransat
learned/learnt
原形havedoeatis/amaredrivespeakwriteridehearget
一般將來時表示將來打算做的事或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事情。常常與tomorrow,nextSunday等時間狀語連用。
結(jié)構(gòu):begoingto+動詞原形
例如:I’mgoingtovisitmygrandpanextweek.
二、人稱代詞
主格:Iweyousheheit賓格:meusyouherhimit形容詞性物主代詞:myouryourherhis名詞性物主代詞:mineoursyourshershis三、可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式
itsits
theythemtheirtheirs一般名詞:+s輔音字母加y結(jié)尾:-y+ies以s,sh,chorx結(jié)尾:+es
abookbooks
astorystories
aglassglasses;awatch-watches
以o結(jié)尾:+s或+esapianopianosamangomangoes以f或fe結(jié)尾:-f或fe變?yōu)関esaknifeknivesashelf-shelves不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù):man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese四、不可數(shù)名詞(沒有復數(shù)形式)bread,rice,water,juice,etc.五、縮略形式
I’m=Iamyou’re=youareshe’s=sheishe’s=heis/hehas(got)it’s=itiswho’s=whoiscan’t=cannotisn’t=isnotetcdidn’t=didnotweren’t=werenotwasn’t=wasnotlet’s=letus六、不定冠詞a/an
單詞的第一讀音是輔音讀音:abook,apeach,a—U‖單詞的第一個讀音是元音讀音:anegg,anhour,an—F‖
七、介詞
1.表示方位:on,in,infrontof,between,nextto,near,beside,at,behind.,under2.表示時間:at:如:atsixo’clock,atChristmas,atweekends
on:如:onMondayon15thJulyonNationalDayin:如:intheeveninginDecemberinwinter
八、基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞
onefirsttwo-secondthree-thirdfive-fifthnine-ninthtwelve-twelfth
twenty-twentieththirty-thirtiethforty-oneforty-firstLesson3---thethirdlesson九、some/any
肯定句:Ihavesometoysinmybedroom.
一般疑問句和否定句中:Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters?
Hehasn’tgotanypencilsinhispencil-case.詢問想要什么時:Wouldyoulikesomejuice?CanIhavesomestamps?十、be動詞
(1)Basicform(基本形式):am/are/is
(2)肯定和否定句be動詞后加not:
Iam(not)fromLondon.Myeyesare(not)small.
Myhairis(not)long.(3)一般疑問句be動詞提前:AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.
AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.(4)be動詞的過去式:am/iswas,arewere十一、therebe結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句:Thereisa…
Thereare…
一般疑問句:Isthere…?Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.
Arethere…?Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.否定句:Thereisn’t….Therearen’t….十二、祈使句
Sitdownplease
Don’tsitdown,please.Let’sgotothepark.
十三、(情態(tài))動詞can,may,must,should,will后面直接用動詞原形。1.I/He/She/Theycansing.MayIcomein?Imustgonow.2.Youshouldbequietinthelibrary.3.You’llbegoodfriends.十四、—Wh-‖questions:What什么工作)Whatcolour(問顏色)Whattime(時間)Whattime/when(什么時候)Which(哪一個)Who(誰)Whose(誰的)Where(哪里)Why(為什么)Howmany(多少)Howold(幾歲)Whatareyoudoing?Whatisshe?(What’sherjob?)Whattimeisit?What’sthetime?Whattime/Whendoyougetup?Whenisyourbirthday?I’mreading.It’sabook.She’sanurse.It’sseven.Igetupatsixthirty.It’sonthe21stofDecember.(問什么事,什么物或Whatisthat?Whatcolourisyourcoat?It’sred.Whichisyourwatch,theyellowTheyellowismine.oneorthewhiteone?Whoisthemanwithabignose?Whosebagisit?Whoseisthisbag?Whereismyballpen?Whydoyoulikesummer?schoolbag?Howoldistheyoungman?He’smyuncle.It’shisbag.It’sunderthebook.Ilikesummerbecause…schoolbag.He’snineteen.HowmanybooksarethereintheTherearefourbooksintheHowmuch(多少錢)Howmuchisthetoybear?How(怎么樣)It’selevenyuan.HowdoyougotoschoolIgotoschoolbycar.everyday?2.形容詞和副詞的比較級
(1)一般在形容詞或副詞后+eroldertallerlongerstronger,etc(2)多音節(jié)詞前+moremoreinteresting,etc.
(3)雙寫最后一個字母,再+erbiggerfatter,etc.(4)把y變i,再+erheavier,earlier(5)不規(guī)則變化:
well-better,much/many-more,etc.
擴展閱讀:牛津小學英語語法歸納
牛津小學英語語法歸納201*.5
1.不可數(shù)名詞:bread,juice,tea,coffee,water,chocolate,rice,paper(不可數(shù)名詞都默認為單數(shù),所以總是用is或者was;不要根據(jù)some、any、alotof等詞去作判斷,以免受誤導。)
2.不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù):man---men,woman---women,policeman---policemen,policewoman---policewomen,
mouse---micechild---childrenfoot---feet,.tooth---teethfish---fish,people---people,Chinese---Chinese,Japanese---Japanese
3.動詞/介詞+賓格(me/us/you/him/her/them/it)
4.形容詞性物主代詞(my/our/your/his/her/their/its)后面必須要跟名詞。名詞性物主代詞(mine/ours/yours/his/hers/theirs/its)后面不要跟名詞。5.比較級+than/,AorB?as+原級astoo/very+原級6.形容詞一般形容事物(形容詞見知識集錦65頁)副詞一般形容動詞(副詞見知識集錦66頁)
7.序數(shù)詞前一定要加“the”,序數(shù)詞一般用于:
①日期【the號(序數(shù)詞)of月】②【第幾】③【名次】8.助動詞(do/does/did)+動詞原形to+動詞原形情態(tài)動詞(can/may/must/should/would/shall)+動詞原形
①in+月、年themorning/afternoon/evening/aweek9.表示時間②on+具體某一天(幾月幾日)/某個假期(Day)
③at+具體某點時間、某個假期(Festival)/theweekend
①instreet
10.表示方位②onroad/left/right
③atthecrossing/stop/某個具體的地點
11.①inthetree(不是樹上長出來的)12.playthe+樂器13.wantto+動詞原形
②onthetree(樹上原來自己長出來的)play+球類運動wouldliketo+動詞原形
14.表示時間:①ago(以前)later(以后)15.begoodat名詞原形
②before(在以前)after(在以后)動詞+ing
16.like+名詞復數(shù)17.with長在身上的,拿在手里的18.ontheplate在盤子里
動詞+ingin穿在身上的19.touchwith用觸摸
20.feel+感覺感覺21.intheclassroom在教室里I’vegot+病、物體我得了,我有inclass在課堂上
24.thesame+名詞單數(shù)25.分≤30分分past小時半個小時=30分=half
different+名詞復數(shù)分30分60-分to小時+11刻=15分=aquarter
26.open/close+直接可以打開得物體27.It’stimeto+動詞原形28.lookfor尋找(強調(diào)過程)
turnon/turnoff+開關(guān)、電器for+名詞find找到(強調(diào)結(jié)果)
29.watchTV/cartoons/race/game/match觀看(電視/卡通/比賽)30.takeoff脫下see看到(人物/物體)puton穿上lookfor尋找/looklike看起來像/lookafter照看,照顧/lookat看
31.Therebe句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)have、has、had表示:某人擁有某物。(Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)一般用在句子的開頭,而have等詞只能用于某一個主語后面。)
some和any在therebe句型中的運用:some用于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑問句。
★(希望得到肯定回答的時候some不變,如:CanIhavesome?和Wouldyoulikesome?)and和or在therebe句型中的運用:and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑問句。
32.動詞+ing的幾種情況:①like+動詞ing②be+動詞ing③begoodat+動詞ing
④go+動詞ing⑤NO+動詞ing⑥hobbyis/hobbiesare+動詞ing
33.excited形容人34.想要成為wanttobe35.thesame+單數(shù)exciting形容事物(場面)wouldliketobedifferent+復數(shù)36.Wherewereyou?----Iwas.37.比較人用“who”開頭
Wewere.比較物用“whose”開頭(①xxx’s+名詞②形物+名詞③名物)
38.時態(tài)
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(關(guān)鍵詞:often/usually/always/sometimes/every/on(星期+s)
①非第三人稱單數(shù)(I、We、you、they)+動詞原形助動詞用do②第三人稱單數(shù)(He、she、it)+(動詞+s)助動詞用does
2.現(xiàn)在進行時(關(guān)鍵詞:now/look/listen)★構(gòu)成形式:主語+be動詞+動詞的ing形式+其他
★注意:千萬不要忘了一定得有be動詞
3.一般過去時(關(guān)鍵詞:justnow,amomentago,yesterday,last,yesterday,this
morning,ago)★構(gòu)成形式:主語+動詞過去式(一般+ed)+其他
過去式的助動詞都用“did”
★注意:沒有be動詞的否定句和疑問句中,用didn’t否定和用did提問后,動詞一定要用原形。4.一般將來時(關(guān)鍵詞:tomorrow、nextday/week,/month/year/…、soon、atonce、thisafternoon/evening/
thedayaftertomorrow(后天)/tomorrow…等)
★構(gòu)成形式:(1)主語+begoingto+動詞原形+其他。(2)主語+will+動詞原形+其他。
39.alotof/lotsof/many/some/all/any/different/like/howmany+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)(名詞+s)
40.含有“to”的一些固定詞組:①goto去②getto(the)到達③begoingto(the)將要去④wantto想要⑤thewayto去的路⑥wouldliketo想要⑦begladto高興⑧howto怎樣
41.含有about的一些固定詞組:①talktoabout和談論
②tellabout告訴關(guān)于③knowabout知道關(guān)于④whatabout=howabout怎么樣⑤asksomequestionsabout問一些關(guān)于的問題
42.Whatareyougoingtodo?你將要去做社么?Whereareyougoing?你去哪?39.特殊疑問詞單詞When/whattimewhowhosewherewhichwhywhat
意思什么時間誰誰的在哪里哪一個為什么什么用法問時間問人問主人問地點問選擇問原因問東西2
回答
whatcolourwhataboutwhatdaywhatdatewhatforhowhowoldhowmanyhowmuchhowabouthowfar什么顏色怎么樣星期幾什么日期為何目的怎么樣多大多少多少怎么樣多遠問顏色問意見問星期問具體日期問目的問情況問年齡問數(shù)量問價錢問意見問路程10.sister姐;妹11.grandma奶奶12grandpa爺爺13.parents父母
14.grandparents祖父母昆蟲insect18.ant螞蟻19.bee蜜蜂20.butterfly蝴蝶21.cricket蟋蟀22grasshopper蚱蜢23.cicada蟬
24.dragonfly蜻蜓25.firefly螢火蟲地點
1.zoo動物園2.cinema電影院3.supermarket超市4.theGreatWall長城5.park公園6.station車站7.library圖書館8.theatre劇院9.hospital醫(yī)院10airport飛機場
11.shop商店12.garden花園ball球類1.football足球2.volleybal排球3.baseball棒球4.basketball籃球5.tabletennis乒乓球樂器
1.piano鋼琴2.guitar吉他3.violin小提琴4.accordion手風琴運動
1swimming游泳2.fishing釣魚3.running跑步4.jogging慢跑5.climbing爬山6.skating滑冰7.skiing滑雪8.rowing劃船
一些單詞歸類:2.spuare正方形月份3.diamond菱形January一月4.rectangle長方形February二月5triangle三角形March三月6.star星形April四月疾病May五月headache頭痛June六月cough咳嗽July七月fever發(fā)燒August八月cold感冒September九月toothache牙痛October十月earache耳痛November十一月backache背痛December十二月stomachache胃痛星期稱呼Monday星期一1.grandfather祖父、Tuesday星期二2.grandmother祖母Wednesday星期三3.father父親Thursday,星期四4.mother.母親Friday星期五5uncle叔.伯.舅Sunday星期六6.aunt姨.嬸.舅母Saturday星期日7.son兒子形狀8.daughter女兒
1.circle圓
9.brother兄;弟
4.問路的問法:
鋪墊:Idon’tknowtheway.
I’mnewhere,Iwanttogoto.Canyoushowmethewayto…?Canyoutellmehowtogetto…?CanyoutellmehowIcangetto…?
HowcanIgetthere?/HowcanIgetto…?Where"s…?/Whichisthewayto…?
3Istherea…nearhere?回答:
It’soverthere./It’snearthe…Godownthestreet./
It’son…Road./It’sin…Street./
YoucantakebusNo….andgetoffatthe…stop.Goalong…Road,turnright/leftat…Road.
Thengoalong…Road.Theplaceisonyourright/lef
路程問答法:Howfarisitfromhere?It’sabout…metres/kilometresaway.
It’sabout…minutes’walkfromhere.
打電話:Hello,isthatxxx?你好,你是xxx嗎?
Hello,thisisxxx(speaking).你好,我是xxx./Thisisxxxspeaking.xxxisnothere,thisisxxx(speaking).Xxx不在,我是xxx.
談論生日:When’sxxx’birthday?Xxx的生日在社么時候?It’sin+月份/It’son+具體幾月幾日.
Whatwouldyoulikeasabirthdaypresent?你想要社么作為生日禮物?I’dlike.我想要。
Didyoulast?你去年生日?
談論節(jié)日:When’s(節(jié)日)?It’sin(月份)./It’son(幾月幾日).
Whatdoyou(people)usuallydoon/at?I/Theyusually+動詞原形.Whatdoeshe/she/itusuallydoon/at?he/she/itusually+(動詞+s).Didyou/he/she/itlast?
季節(jié):When’s(季節(jié))?comesfromto.What’stheweatherlikein(季節(jié))?
★It’s+天氣情況(rainy/snowy/windy/hot/warm/cool/cold/foggy)?★Itoften+動詞(rains/snows/winds).
Isitoften+天氣情況(rainy/snowy/windy/hot/warm/cool/cold/foggy)?Doesitoften+動詞(rain/snow/wind)
1、國家國旗(flag)Country國家五星紅旗米字旗三條旗太陽旗星條旗星米旗2。節(jié)日China中國France法國Japan日本Language語言People人Chinese漢語/中文Chinese中國人French法語French法國人City城市/capital首都Beijing北京(大熊貓panda)Paris巴黎(埃菲爾鐵塔)首都:Washington華盛頓/城市:NewYork紐約(自由女神像)Australia澳大利亞English英語Australian澳大利亞人首都:canberra堪培拉城市:Sydney悉尼(考拉和袋鼠)UK/England英國;English英語English/British英國人London倫敦(大本鐘bigben)Japanese日語Japanese日本人;Tokyo東京。櫻花和富士山USA/America美國English英語American美國人/美國的festival節(jié)日SpringFestivalWomen’sDay婦女節(jié)Easter復活節(jié)時間人們的活動NewYear’sDay元旦onthe1stofJanuary在1月1日春節(jié)inJanuaryorFebruary在1月或2月ontheeighthofMarch在3月8日InMarchorApril在3月或4月visittheirrelativesandfriendseatalotofdeliciousfoodmakeEastereggs做復活蛋
MayDay五一勞動節(jié)DragonBoatFestival龍舟節(jié),端午節(jié)Children’sDay兒童節(jié)Teachers’Day教師節(jié)Mid-AutumnHalloween萬圣節(jié)Christmas(Day)中秋節(jié)Festivalonthe1stofMay在5月1日inMayorJune在5月或6月1、eatricedumplings吃粽子/團子/餃子2、watchdragonboatraces看龍舟比賽onthe1stofJune在6月1日onthe10thofSeptember在9月10日InSeptemberorOctoberonthe1stofOctober在10月1日onthe31stofOctober在10月31日onthe25thofDecember1eatmooncakes吃月餅2watchthemoon賞月1.makepumpkinlanterns2、dressupincostumesNationalDay國慶節(jié)圣誕日,圣誕節(jié)在12月25日3.季節(jié)Sping(3-5)Summer(6-8)June,---AugusthotsunnyAutumn(911)September---NovembercoolwindyWinter(122)December--Februarycoldsonwy時間March---May天氣warmrainy活動gorowing/fishinggoswimminggocamping,goonanmakesnowmen,goflykiteseatwatermelonsouting,goclimbingskating/skiing,putonwarmclothes春城:昆明(kunming)冰城:哈爾濱(harbin)日光成:拉薩(lasa)
火爐:廣州(guangzhou)澳大利亞(Australia)季節(jié)正好和我們相反,白天黑夜一樣,
美國和我們國家的白天黑夜正好相反
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