高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全-虛擬語(yǔ)氣
嘉興英語(yǔ)教學(xué)網(wǎng)收集整理歡迎使用
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全之虛擬語(yǔ)氣
虛擬語(yǔ)氣1)概念
虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想,所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件,不一定是事實(shí),或與事實(shí)相反。
2)在條件句中的應(yīng)用
條件句可分為兩類,一類為真實(shí)條件句,一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況,故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
真實(shí)條件句
真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣,假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生,其中if是如果的意思。時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系
句型:條件從句主句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.典型例題
Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined
答案B。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。注意:
1)在真實(shí)條件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示將來(lái),該用shall,will.(錯(cuò))Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(對(duì))Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.
2)表示真理時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞便不用shall(will)+動(dòng)詞原形,而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式。
非真實(shí)條件句
1)時(shí)態(tài):可以表示過(guò)去,現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的情況。它的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)退后。a.同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
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句型:條件從句主句
一般過(guò)去時(shí)should(would)+動(dòng)詞原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。句型:條件從句主句
過(guò)去完成時(shí)should(would)have+過(guò)去分詞Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.
Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.
IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含義:Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.
Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含義:Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.c.表示對(duì)將來(lái)的假想句型:條件從句主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)should+動(dòng)詞原形were+不定式would+動(dòng)詞原形should+動(dòng)詞原形
Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.混合條件句
主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)主,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同,這叫做混合條件句。
Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.(從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。)
Ifithadrainedlastnight(過(guò)去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(現(xiàn)在).
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虛擬條件句的倒裝
虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可將if省略,再把were,should或had移到從句句首,實(shí)行倒裝。
Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意:
在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句中,動(dòng)詞"be"的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一律用"were",不用was,即在從句中be用were代替。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你,就會(huì)去找他。
Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在這兒,一切都會(huì)好的。典型例題
_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI
答案C.在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)中如果有were,should,had這三個(gè)詞,通常將if省略,主語(yǔ)提前,變成were,should,had+主語(yǔ)的形式。但要注意,在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可說(shuō)WereInottodo.,而不能說(shuō)Weren"tItodo.
特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣詞:should
1)Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should加動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。
句型:(1)suggested
Itis(2)importantthat…+(should)do
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(3)apity
(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted;+(should)do(2)important,necessary,natural,strangeapity,ashame,nowonder
(3)Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.2)在賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用
在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動(dòng)詞后面的從句中。
order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)doIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.
注意:如suggest,insist不表示"建議"或"堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)",即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為"時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.判斷改錯(cuò):
(錯(cuò))Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.(對(duì))Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.(錯(cuò))Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.(對(duì))Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.3)在表語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用
在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。
Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.wish的用法
1)用于wish后面的從句,表示與事實(shí)相反的情況,或表示將來(lái)不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞形式為:
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從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作(be的過(guò)去式為were)從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生(had+過(guò)去分詞)將來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望將來(lái)時(shí)would/could+動(dòng)詞原形
IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一樣高。Hewishedhehadn"tsaidthat.他希望他沒(méi)講那樣的話。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。2)Wishtodo表達(dá)法。Wishsb/sthtodo
Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.
Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.(=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.)比較ifonly與onlyif
onlyif表示"只有";ifonly則表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陳述語(yǔ)氣。Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有鬧鐘響了,我才會(huì)醒。Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.當(dāng)時(shí)鬧鐘響了,就好了。Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早點(diǎn)回來(lái)。
Itis(high)timethat
Itis(high)timethat后面的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式或用should加動(dòng)詞原形,但should不可省略。
Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.
過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)真實(shí)狀況現(xiàn)在時(shí)wish后過(guò)去時(shí)第5頁(yè)共6頁(yè)嘉興英語(yǔ)教學(xué)網(wǎng)收集整理歡迎使用
need"不必做"和"本不該做"
didn"tneedtodo表示:過(guò)去不必做某事,事實(shí)上也沒(méi)做。.needn"thavedone表示:過(guò)去不必做某事,但事實(shí)上做了。
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn"tneedtowalkbackhome.約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她不必步行回家了。
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn"thavewalkedbackhome.約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家,沒(méi)有遇上John的車。)
典型例題
Therewasplentyoftime.She___.
A.mustn"thavehurriedB.couldn"thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn"thavehurried答案D。needn"thavedone.意為"本不必",即已經(jīng)做了某事,而時(shí)實(shí)際上不必要。Mustn"thavedone用法不正確,對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行否定性推斷應(yīng)為couldn"thavedone,"不可能已經(jīng)"。mustnotdo不可以(用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
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擴(kuò)展閱讀:高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全之虛擬語(yǔ)氣
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全之虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣
概念
虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想,所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件,不一定是事實(shí),或與事實(shí)相反。2)在條件句中的應(yīng)用
條件句可分為兩類,一類為真實(shí)條件句,一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況,故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。真實(shí)條件句
真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣,假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生,其中if是如果的意思。時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系
句型:條件從句主句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.典型例題
Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined
答案B。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。注意:
1)在真實(shí)條件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示將來(lái),該用shall,will.(錯(cuò))Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(對(duì))Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.
2)表示真理時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞便不用shall(will)+動(dòng)詞原形,而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式。
非真實(shí)條件句
1)時(shí)態(tài):可以表示過(guò)去,現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的情況。它的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)退后。a.同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
句型:條件從句主句
一般過(guò)去時(shí)should(would)+動(dòng)詞原形
Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
句型:條件從句主句
過(guò)去完成時(shí)should(would)have+過(guò)去分詞
Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.
Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.
IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.
Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含義:Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.
Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.
含義:Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.
c.表示對(duì)將來(lái)的假想
句型:條件從句主句
一般過(guò)去時(shí)should+動(dòng)詞原形were+不定式would+動(dòng)詞原形should+動(dòng)詞原形
Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.虛擬條件句的倒裝
虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可將if省略,再把were,should或had移到從句句首,實(shí)行倒裝。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意:
在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句中,動(dòng)詞"be"的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一律用"were",不用was,即在從句中be用were代替。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你,就會(huì)去找他。
Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在這兒,一切都會(huì)好的。典型例題
_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI
答案C.在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)中如果有were,should,had這三個(gè)詞,通常將if省略,主語(yǔ)提前,變成were,should,had+主語(yǔ)的形式。但要注意,在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可說(shuō)WereInottodo.,而不能說(shuō)Weren"tItodo.虛擬條件句的倒裝虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可將if省略,再把were,should或had移到從句句首,實(shí)行倒裝。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意:
在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句中,動(dòng)詞"be"的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一律用"were",不用was,即在從句中be用were代替
混合條件句
主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)主,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同,這叫做混合條件句。
Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.(從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。)
Ifithadrainedlastnight(過(guò)去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(現(xiàn)在).特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣詞:should
1)Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should加動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。句型:(1)suggested
(2)Itisimportantthat…+(should)do(3)apity
(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted;+(should)do
(2)important,necessary,natural,strange(3)apity,ashame,nowonder
Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.2)在賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用
在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動(dòng)詞后面的從句中。
order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)do
Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.
注意:如suggest,insist不表示"建議"或"堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)",即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為"時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.判斷改錯(cuò):
(錯(cuò))Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.(對(duì))Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.(錯(cuò))Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.(對(duì))Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.3)在表語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用
在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。
Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.1-itraintomorrow,wewouldhaveto-thepicnic.
Awould;putforwardBshould;calloffCwere;putoffDshould;putup2itishardformetoimaginewhatI()inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaLibraryinmyhometown.
Awoulddo;wouldnothavefallenBwouldbedoing;hadnotfallenCwouldhavedone;hadnotfallenDweredoing;wouldnothavefallen3Ipostedtheletteraweekago.
Thenthey-theletterbynow.itusuallytakesfourdays.
AcanhavereceivedBmustreceiveCshouldreceivedDoughttohavereceived
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