初高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)和練習(xí)3.代詞
代詞:
代詞的分類(lèi):英語(yǔ)中代詞分為:人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞等等。數(shù)單數(shù)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)人稱(chēng)代詞人稱(chēng)主格我I賓格me物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞my名詞性物主代詞mine反身代詞myself你youyouyouryoursyourself他她它我們hesheitwehimheritushisheritsourhishersitsourshimselfherselfitselfourselves你們他們、她們、它們youyouthemyouryoursyourselvesthemselvestheytheirtheirs
人稱(chēng)代詞:人稱(chēng)代詞代替人和事物的名稱(chēng),分為主格和賓格兩種形式。
1、主格用來(lái)作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。如:IoftengoshoppingonSundays.(星期天我常去購(gòu)物)/AretheyfromBrazil?(他們是巴西人嗎?)/Wherehavetheygone?(他們上哪兒去了?)/That’sit.(就那么回事)/It’she!(是他!)
2、賓格用來(lái)作及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如:WhoteachesyouEnglishthisyear?(今年誰(shuí)教你們的英語(yǔ)?)/Helpme!(救救我!)/Weoftenwriteletterstoher.(我們常給他寫(xiě)信)
3、三個(gè)不同人稱(chēng)同時(shí)出現(xiàn),或者主語(yǔ)中包含—我‖時(shí),按照—you→he→I‖的順序表達(dá)。如:
4、人稱(chēng)代詞it除了可以指人指物之外,還可以表示—時(shí)間、天氣、溫度、距離、情況‖等含義,此外還可以作—非人稱(chēng)代詞‖使用,替代作主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)的不定式、動(dòng)名詞或者名詞性從句。如:--What’stheweatherliketoday?(今天天氣怎樣?)It’sfine.(天氣晴好)/--What’sthetime?(幾點(diǎn)啦?)It’s12:00.(12點(diǎn))/It’salongwaytogo.(那可要走好長(zhǎng)的路)
Ittookhimthreedaystocleanhishouse.(打掃屋子花了他三天的時(shí)間)/Wefounditverydifficulttolearnaforeignlanguagewell.(我們發(fā)覺(jué)要學(xué)好一門(mén)外語(yǔ)是非常困難的)物主代詞:說(shuō)明事物所屬關(guān)系的代詞,分為形容詞性和名詞性?xún)煞N。
1、形容詞性物主代詞只能作句子中名詞的修飾語(yǔ),后面要跟名詞。如:
Isthatyourumbrella?(那是你的傘嗎?)/IoftengotoseemyauntonSundays.(我經(jīng)常在星期天去看望阿姨)/Theyaretheirbooks.(是他們的書(shū))
2、名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞,既代替事物又表明所屬關(guān)系,在句子中往往獨(dú)立地作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ),后面千萬(wàn)不可以跟名詞。如:
Thisisyourcup,butwhereismine?(這是你的杯子,可我的在哪兒?)/Yourclassroomisverybig,butoursisrathersmall.(你們的教室很大,我們的相當(dāng)小)
3、—of+名詞性物主代詞‖稱(chēng)為雙重所有格,作定語(yǔ)時(shí)放在名詞的后面。如:Afriendofminecametoseemeyesterday.(我的一個(gè)朋友昨天來(lái)看我了)Myfriendcametoseemeyesterday.(我的朋友昨天來(lái)看我了)
反身代詞:表示謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)有關(guān)或者賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作與賓語(yǔ)有關(guān)。
1、反身代詞在句子中作賓語(yǔ)表示反射(指一個(gè)動(dòng)作回到該動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者本身)。如:Don’tplaywiththeknife,youmighthurtyourself.(不要玩刀子,那會(huì)割傷你的)2、在句子中作同位語(yǔ)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)(即用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞或代詞的語(yǔ)氣)。如:
Thestoryitselfisgood.Onlyhedidn"ttellitwell.(故事本身是好的,只是他沒(méi)有講好)
指示代詞:指示說(shuō)明近處或者遠(yuǎn)處、上文或者下文、以前或者現(xiàn)在的人或事物。單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)含義this(這個(gè))these(這些)
指較近的人和物
that(那個(gè))those(那些)指較遠(yuǎn)的人和物such(這樣的人/物)指上文提過(guò)的人和物
same(同樣的人/物)指和上文提過(guò)的相同的人和物it(這人/這物)指不太清楚是誰(shuí)或者是什么時(shí)
指示代詞既可以單獨(dú)使用做句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),也可以作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞。如:
What’sthis?(這是什么?)/Thatmodelplaneismadeofplastic.(那只模型飛機(jī)是塑料做的)(被動(dòng)句)/Remembernevertodosuchthings.(記得永遠(yuǎn)不要做這樣的事情)/Dothesameastheteachertellsyou.(按老師說(shuō)的做)/---Whoisit?(是誰(shuí)?)---It’sme!(是我!)
關(guān)系代詞:用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的代詞叫關(guān)系代詞
1、關(guān)系代詞who、which、that、whom等,將定語(yǔ)從句和主句連接起來(lái)。英語(yǔ)中的關(guān)系代詞一方面在從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分,另一方面又起連接作用。
如:ThestudentwhoisdrawingapictureisinGradeOne.(正在畫(huà)畫(huà)的學(xué)生是一年級(jí)的)2、關(guān)系代詞who/whom指人,如果作從句的賓語(yǔ),則有時(shí)省略。如:
Doyouknowthemanwhoiswearingaredhat?(你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)戴著紅帽子的男人嗎?)
3、關(guān)系代詞which指物,如果作從句的賓語(yǔ),則有時(shí)省略。如:Haveyoufoundthebookwhichyoulostseveraldaysago?(你找到幾天前丟失的那本書(shū)了嗎?)
4、關(guān)系代詞that既可指人也可指物,如果作從句的賓語(yǔ),則有時(shí)省略。如:Canyouseetheman/dogthatisrunningalongtheriverbank?(你看得見(jiàn)順著河跑的男人/狗了嗎?)
連接代詞:用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞稱(chēng)連接代詞。英語(yǔ)中連接代詞主要有:what(什么),who(誰(shuí)),whom(誰(shuí)),which(哪個(gè)),whose(誰(shuí)的)不定代詞:代替或修飾不特指的人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞。
some(something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone),no(nothing,nobody,noone),every(everything,everybody,everyone,),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,none,one,either,neither(1)some和any的用法:
some一般用于肯定句中,意思是—幾個(gè)‖、—一些‖、—某個(gè)‖作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。如:Ihavesomeworktodotoday.(今天我有些事情要做)/Theywillgotheresomeday.(他們有朝一日會(huì)去那兒)
some用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí),表示建議、請(qǐng)求或希望得到肯定回答。如:Wouldyoulikesomecoffeewithsugar?(你要加糖的咖啡嗎?)
any一般用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中,意思是—任何一些‖、—任何一個(gè)‖,作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。如:Theydidn’thaveanyfriendshere.(他們?cè)谶@里沒(méi)有朋友)/Haveyougotanyquestionstoask?(你有問(wèn)題要問(wèn)嗎?)
any用于肯定句時(shí),意思是—任何的‖。Comeherewithanyfriend.(隨便帶什么朋友來(lái)吧。)(2)no和none的用法:
no是形容詞,只能作定語(yǔ)表示,意思是—沒(méi)有‖,修飾可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))或不可數(shù)名詞。如:Thereisnotimeleft.Pleasehurryup.(沒(méi)有時(shí)間了,請(qǐng)快點(diǎn))/Theyhadnoreadingbookstolend.(他們沒(méi)有閱讀用書(shū)可以出借)
none只能獨(dú)立使用,在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),意思是—沒(méi)有一個(gè)人(或事物)‖,表示復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)。如:Noneofthemis/areintheclassroom.(他們當(dāng)中沒(méi)有一個(gè)在教室里)/Ihavemanybooks,butnoneisinteresting.(我有很多的書(shū),但沒(méi)有一本是有趣的)
(3)all和both的用法:
all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用來(lái)代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
both指兩個(gè)人或物,用來(lái)代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞。all和both在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。如:IknowallofthefourBritishstudentsintheirschool.(他們學(xué)校里四個(gè)英國(guó)學(xué)生我全認(rèn)識(shí))/--Wouldyoulikethisoneorthatone?Both.(你要這個(gè)還是那個(gè)??jī)蓚(gè)都要。)
all和both既可以修飾名詞(all/both+(the)+名詞),也可以獨(dú)立使用,采用—all/both+ofthe+名詞(復(fù)數(shù))‖的形式,其中的of可以省略。如:All(of)(the)boysarenaughty.(是男孩都調(diào)皮)(4)every和each用法:
every是形容詞,只能作定語(yǔ)修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思是—每一個(gè)‖,表示整體概念;
each是形容詞、代詞,可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等,意思是—每個(gè)‖或者—各個(gè)‖,表示單個(gè)概念;each可以放在名詞前,可以后跟of短語(yǔ)
every和each都用作單數(shù)理解,但是下文中既可以用單數(shù)的代詞(如he/him/his)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)的代詞(如they/them/their)替代。如:Everyoneofthestudentsinhisclassstudiesveryhard.(他班上每個(gè)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都很用功)/Theyareverybusy.Eachofthemhassomethingtodo.(他們很忙,人人都有事干)
(5)either和neither的用法:
either意思是—兩個(gè)中間的任何一個(gè)‖;neither是either的否定形式,意思是—兩個(gè)都不‖。
neither和either在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等,都用作單數(shù)。如:Idon’tcaremuchforwhattodrink.Eitherofthetwowilldo.(我不介意喝些什么,兩個(gè)之中隨便哪個(gè)都行)/--Willyougotherebybusorbycar?Neither.Iwillgotherebytrain.(你坐公車(chē)去還是坐轎車(chē)去?一個(gè)都不坐,我坐火車(chē)去。)
(6)other、theother和another的用法:
other意思是—另一‖、—另一些‖,有復(fù)數(shù)形式。在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。another意思是—另外‖、—又一個(gè)‖,表示增加,在句中可作賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。如:
Somegirlsaresingingunderthebigappletreeandothersaresittingonthegrasstalking.(有些女孩在大蘋(píng)果樹(shù)下唱歌,別的就躺在草地上說(shuō)話(huà))/Youhavehadseveralcakes.Doyoureallywantanotherone?(你已經(jīng)吃了好幾塊餅子了,你真的還要一塊?)/Iwantanotherfourbooks.(我還要四本書(shū))
another(另外的,再一,又一)與theother(另外的一個(gè))主要從數(shù)量上區(qū)分,只有兩個(gè)時(shí)用theother,在原先基礎(chǔ)上增加用another。如:Thisisoneofyoursocks.Whereistheotherone?(這是你的一只襪子,還有一只呢?)/Ihaveeaten4cakes,butIstillwantanother.(我已經(jīng)吃了4塊蛋糕,但是我還要以塊。)
others與theothers的主要區(qū)別:others指—剩余的人/物‖(指大部分);theothers指—其余的人/物‖,(指全部)。如:Afewstudentsareplayingsoccerwhileothersarewatchingthem.(有幾個(gè)學(xué)生在踢足球,其他一些人在觀(guān)看)/Twoofthetenboysarestandingandtheothersaresittingroundthem.(十個(gè)男孩中有兩個(gè)站著,其他人都圍著他們坐著。)(7)many和much的用法:
many意思是—很多‖,與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用;much意思是—很多‖,與不可數(shù)名詞連用。它們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等。如:Idon’thavemanyfriendshere.(在這里我沒(méi)有很多的朋友。)/Manydiedinthebusaccident.(許多人在公交車(chē)禍中喪失)/Wecanlearnmuchwiththehelpofhim.(在他的幫助之下我們能學(xué)到很多)
many/much用于肯定句時(shí)可以在前面加上so、very或too.如:
Therearealotofpeopleontheplayground.(操場(chǎng)上有許多的人)/Theyhaven’tgotmuchworktodo.(他們沒(méi)有多少事情可做)/Therearetoomanypeopleintheroom.(房間里人太多了。)(8)few、little、afew、alittle的用法:
few、little意思是—很少幾個(gè)‖、—幾乎沒(méi)有‖,有否定的意思,
afew、alittle意思是—有幾個(gè)‖、—有些‖,有肯定的意思;few、afew與可數(shù)名詞連用或代替可數(shù)的事物,little、alittle與不可數(shù)名詞連用或代替不可數(shù)的事物。它們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。如:
Heisverypoorandhehaslittlemoney.(他很窮,幾乎沒(méi)有什么錢(qián)。)/Don’tworry.Thereisstillalittletimeleft.(別著急,還有一點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間呢。)/Inthatpolarregiontherelivefewpeople.(在那個(gè)極地地區(qū)幾乎不住人)/Youcangetafewsweetsfromhim.(你可以從他那兒弄到一些糖果)(9)復(fù)合不定代詞somebody,something,anything,nothing,everything,everybody等是由some,any,no,every,加上body,thing構(gòu)成的,叫做復(fù)合不定代詞,在句子中當(dāng)單數(shù)使用。
somebody,something,someone一般用于肯定句中;anything,anybody,anyone一般用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。
修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的定語(yǔ),應(yīng)放在它們的后面。如:Hey,Lily.Thereissomeoneoutsidethedoor.(嗨,麗麗,門(mén)外有人。)
(10)one與ones用來(lái)代替上文的一個(gè)或多個(gè)人或事物,前面可以加冠詞、形容詞、指示代詞、which等。如:Whichjacketwouldyoulike,thisoneorthatone?(你要哪件夾克,這件還是那件?)
(11)(11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如:Idon’tthinkso.(我認(rèn)為不是這樣的。)/Helostabook.SodidI.(他丟失了一本書(shū),我也是。)
(12)alotof、lotsof、anumberof(/largenumbersof)、agreatdealof、plentyof的區(qū)別:五個(gè)短語(yǔ)都表示—大量,許多‖,
alotof(或lotsof)既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式;
plentyof—足夠、大量‖,既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。anumberof/largenumbersof只可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式
agreatdealof只可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞
如:Alotofpeoplethinkthattimeismoney.(許多的人認(rèn)為時(shí)間就是金錢(qián)。)/Idon’thavetodoitinahurrybecauseIhaveplentyoftime.(我用不著趕忙,因?yàn)槲矣谐渥愕臅r(shí)間。)/Ihaveanumberofletterstowritetoday.(今天我有好多信要寫(xiě))/Ispendagreatdealoftime/moneyonshopping.(在購(gòu)物方面我花費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間/金錢(qián)。)(13)none、noone、nobody的區(qū)別:
noone和nobody都表示—沒(méi)有人‖,僅指人,后面不跟of短語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式;none表示—沒(méi)有一個(gè)人/物‖,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。
如:Nooneknowshowhemanagedtogettheticket.(沒(méi)有人知道他是怎樣搞到那張票的)/Nobodyhandedinhis/theircomposition(s)yesterday.(昨天沒(méi)有一個(gè)人交作文。)/Noneofmyfriendscametoseemethatday.(那天沒(méi)有一個(gè)朋友來(lái)看我。)
相互代詞:表示相互關(guān)系的詞叫相互代詞。
eachother,oneanother是相互代詞,譯成—互相‖,可以通用。eachother表示兩者之間,而oneanther表示許多人之間。它們有所有格形式eachother’s,oneanother’s。如:Wemusthelpeachotherwhenweareintrouble.(我們身處困境時(shí)要互相幫助。)/Theysattherewithouttalkingtooneanother/eachother.(他們坐在那兒,互相都不說(shuō)話(huà)。)
疑問(wèn)代詞:用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題的代詞稱(chēng)為疑問(wèn)代詞。
1、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑問(wèn)句中,一般放在句首?谡Z(yǔ)中也常用who代替whom作賓語(yǔ),但在介詞后則只能用whom。如:
Who(m)didyouinvitetoyourbirthdayparty?(你都邀請(qǐng)了誰(shuí)參加你的生日聚會(huì)的?
2、who和whom只能獨(dú)立使用
而what、which、whose等既可以獨(dú)立使用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),也可以與名詞構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)短語(yǔ)。如:Whoisthatman?(那男的是誰(shuí)?)/Whatcolouraretheirhats?(他們的帽子是什么顏色?)/WhichcarwasmadeinGermany?(哪輛車(chē)是德國(guó)造的?)
3、疑問(wèn)代詞不分單復(fù)數(shù),視它所替代的人或事物決定單復(fù)數(shù),但是通常用單數(shù);如果修飾名詞,則以名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)為準(zhǔn)。如:Whois(are)inthatplayhouse?(誰(shuí)在游戲房里?)/Whatisthat?(那是什么?)/Whatarethose?(那些是什么?)/Whatcoloursdotheyhave?(它們有哪些顏色?)練習(xí)
一、1.Whichofthetwodictionarieswillyouborrow?I’llborrow_____,forthedifferentuses.
A.allB.bothC.eitherD.neither
2._____ofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptasecret.A.EachB.NobodyC.NooneD.None
3.Wecouldn’teatinarestaurantbecause_____ofushad_____moneyonus.A.all;noB.any;noC.none;anyD.noone;any
4.ThereisaNo.2trolleybusandaNo.24bus;_____willtakeyouthereA.bothB.eitherC.allD.any5.Arethetwoanswerscorrect?No,_____correct.A.nooneisB.botharenotC.neitherisD.eitherisnot6.YouhavethreeEnglishdictionaries,butIhaveonlytwo_____.A.onesB.不填C.theoneD.theones7.IhaveacolourTVset.Iwanttosell____.A.oneB.theoneC.thatD.it
8.Thisfilmisnotsogoodas_____wesawlastweek.
A.thatB.itC.theoneD.one
9.Haven’tyouread_____Englishstorices?Pleasetellusaninterestingone.A.anyB.allC.eitherD.some
10.Wouldyoulike_____dumplings?No,thanks.A.someB.anotherC.anyD.all
11.MrGreengavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept_____whohadalreadytakenthem.A.oneB.theonesC.someD.theothers
12.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkhard,but_____didn’thelpA.thisB.whichC.anyD.it
13.Is_____here?No,BobandTimhaveaskedforleave.A.anybodyB.somebodyC.everybodyD.nobody
14.WhenIfirstsawtheoldfarmer,Icouldhardlyimagine_____inventedthemachinetopickcotton.
A.himselfB.hehimselfC.himselfD.hebyhimself
15.MaryandJoneshavearrived,but____studentsintheclassaren’thereA.otherB.theotherC.theothersD.other
BDCBCBDCDABDCBB
擴(kuò)展閱讀:高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法分類(lèi)按專(zhuān)題按考點(diǎn)總結(jié)加配套練習(xí) 代詞
使用說(shuō)明
這套資料有以下特點(diǎn):
一、針對(duì)性強(qiáng)。在編寫(xiě)時(shí),用的是“歸納”法。先下載近十幾年的高考真題,再按語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題歸類(lèi),然后,每個(gè)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題再按考點(diǎn)歸類(lèi),歸類(lèi)時(shí)特別注意了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中的難點(diǎn)和易混點(diǎn),最后再在需要的地方加上必要的講解,所以重難點(diǎn)突出,詳略得當(dāng),針對(duì)性強(qiáng)。
二、講練結(jié)合。對(duì)于每一個(gè)考點(diǎn)在簡(jiǎn)明講解之后,都安排了適量的練習(xí)題。這些題都是精心篩選出來(lái)的。主要是從其典型性、思維容量和所含語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)是否豐富,寫(xiě)作是否能用,里面是否含有完形填空可能出的詞等多個(gè)方面考慮,因此也有相當(dāng)多的題是保留了十幾年前的題而舍棄了近幾年的高考題。
三、題量科學(xué)。我們發(fā)現(xiàn),針對(duì)每個(gè)考點(diǎn)的練習(xí)量如果過(guò)大的話(huà),效果也不好。練習(xí)量少的話(huà),譬如兩三個(gè),我們就可以輕松自如的在腦中翻動(dòng)、回味這些題,效果反而更好。因此,就忍痛刪去了許多來(lái)之不易的好題。
四、重視習(xí)題排序。有的同學(xué)說(shuō),如果把相似題排列在一起的話(huà),學(xué)生容易猜到答案,而不去思考。所以,今年再版時(shí),開(kāi)始時(shí)是把不同類(lèi)型的題混在一起,但再看時(shí),發(fā)覺(jué)做后效果反而不好了。做后印象不深、規(guī)律在腦中不清晰。然后又把題按類(lèi)型排列,相近的題列在一起。再看一遍,感覺(jué)真好!。學(xué)知識(shí)同向某個(gè)空間放東西一樣,有條理了就好放也好記也好找,雜亂了就不好放,用時(shí)也不容易找到?茖W(xué)家對(duì)大腦的研究也表明,信息在腦中存放、排列是有規(guī)律的。五、考點(diǎn)目錄化。為了便于使用,本資料編了詳細(xì)的目錄,分為“章”、“講”和“考點(diǎn)”三個(gè)級(jí)別。
六、講、練、考一體化。前面第一部分是考點(diǎn)精講精練,后面第二部分是單元過(guò)關(guān)測(cè)試。過(guò)關(guān)測(cè)試題基本上也都是高考題,覆蓋面較大,既可以對(duì)前面所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)一步鞏固,也可當(dāng)作測(cè)試題用。
七、語(yǔ)法、寫(xiě)作同步提高。這次改編,增加了“作文專(zhuān)項(xiàng)技能提升”這個(gè)部分,基礎(chǔ)好的學(xué)生,可以利用這部分的習(xí)題來(lái)提高自己的寫(xiě)作能力。
所以從它誕生那天起,就深受師生歡迎。它幫助許多學(xué)生提高了英語(yǔ)成績(jī),成為許多老師備課時(shí)必不可缺少的學(xué)習(xí)資料。去年,語(yǔ)法通霸的部分電子文檔上傳到網(wǎng)上后,成為網(wǎng)上的熱門(mén)資料,有許多老師愿意出數(shù)百元來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)完整的電子文檔以便自己上課用。更多網(wǎng)友評(píng)論可以到到淘寶貝詳情中查看。這套資料的這種編排,使學(xué)生一看就懂,一做就會(huì),從而解決了語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)中費(fèi)時(shí)低效的問(wèn)題。老師利用這本資料,可以使語(yǔ)法課不再空洞乏味。學(xué)生利用這本書(shū),可以使語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)變得有趣高效,優(yōu)生利用此書(shū)來(lái)鞏固自己的學(xué)科優(yōu)勢(shì),待優(yōu)生利用此書(shū)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)上的徹底逆轉(zhuǎn)。
201*年9月
如果說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí)有捷徑可走,那么它就是勤奮;如果說(shuō)知識(shí)就是力量,那么它就是實(shí)踐。
代詞.............................................................................................................................................................................................1第一部分考點(diǎn)精講精練...........................................................................................................................................................1第1講人稱(chēng)代詞................................................................................................................................................................1考點(diǎn)1.代詞做同位語(yǔ)....................................................................................................................................................1考點(diǎn)2.用人稱(chēng)代詞賓格代替主格的情況....................................................................................................................1第2講指示代詞................................................................................................................................................................2考點(diǎn)1.This,that............................................................................................................................................................2考點(diǎn)2.that指代前面提到的名詞,后總是伴隨著限制性的后置修飾語(yǔ)................................................................2第3講不定代詞................................................................................................................................................................2考點(diǎn)1.one不可指代不可數(shù)名詞.................................................................................................................................2考點(diǎn)2.one作同位語(yǔ).....................................................................................................................................................2考點(diǎn)3.one,it,(theone,theones)的區(qū)別....................................................................................................................2考點(diǎn)4.each,every表示“每一”時(shí)的區(qū)別....................................................................................................................3考點(diǎn)5.any,either表示“任何一個(gè)”時(shí)的區(qū)別.............................................................................................................3考點(diǎn)6.neither,both與all;none,(both與all表示部分否定)..............................................................................3考點(diǎn)7.none,noone,nobody的區(qū)別...........................................................................................................................4考點(diǎn)8.another,other,others,theother,theothers,therest....................................................................................4考點(diǎn)9.something,everything,nothing,anything.......................................................................................................5考點(diǎn)10.anyone,someone,和everyone..................................................................................................................5考點(diǎn)11.everyone與everyone.................................................................................................................................5考點(diǎn)12.everybody/something等人稱(chēng)代詞替代問(wèn)題...............................................................................................6第4講反身代詞................................................................................................................................................................6第5講it的其它用法.....................................................................................................................................................7考點(diǎn)1.it做形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),代指后面的不定式或動(dòng)名詞或句子..........................................................................7考點(diǎn)2.用于表達(dá)天氣、環(huán)境、時(shí)間、距離、季節(jié)等................................................................................................7考點(diǎn)3.不知性別是嬰兒常用it.....................................................................................................................................7考點(diǎn)4.it用以指身份不明的人....................................................................................................................................7考點(diǎn)5.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型............................................................................................................................................................7考點(diǎn)6.Ilikeitwhen…..................................................................................................................................................7考點(diǎn)7.Ican’thelpit/canhelpit/can’thelpdoing/can’thelpbutdo......................................................................8考點(diǎn)8.makeit的用法.................................................................................................................................................8寫(xiě)作專(zhuān)練1.使用好代詞,寫(xiě)正確優(yōu)美句子(P10)....................................................................................................8第二部分專(zhuān)題過(guò)關(guān)測(cè)試...........................................................................................................................................................9第三部分寫(xiě)作能力提升.........................................................................................................................................................10寫(xiě)作專(zhuān)練1.
使用好代詞,寫(xiě)出正確優(yōu)美句子(參看P錯(cuò)誤!未定義書(shū)簽。錯(cuò)誤!未找到引用源。).........10
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法通霸,適合高三復(fù)習(xí),也適合高一高二學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)
如果說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí)有捷徑可走,那么它就是勤奮;如果說(shuō)知識(shí)就是力量,那么它就是實(shí)踐。代詞第一部分考點(diǎn)精講精練英語(yǔ)中的代詞,按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分九種:人稱(chēng)代詞分為主格(如:I,you,he等)和賓格(如:me,you,him)。物主代詞分為形容詞物主代詞(如:my,his,your,)和名詞性物主代詞(如:mine,his,yours)指示代詞常見(jiàn)的有四個(gè):this這,that那,these這些,those那些反身代詞如:myself我自己,himself他自己,themselves他們自己疑問(wèn)代詞用在特殊疑問(wèn)句中。有:who,whom,whose,what,which。如:Whoisthatboy?Whatdoyoulike?不定代詞如:some一些many許多both兩個(gè)都,everything,everybody等關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如:Thisistheboywhowontherace.相互代詞指eachother與oneanother,意為“互相”連接代詞疑問(wèn)代詞在引導(dǎo)從句時(shí),都稱(chēng)為連接代詞,包括who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever,一共九個(gè)。如:Itisclearenoughwhatshemeant.她是什么意思很清楚。(引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句)Idon‘tcarewhattheythink.他們?cè)趺聪胛也还。(引?dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)第1講人稱(chēng)代詞人稱(chēng)代詞分為主格和賓格:我你他她它我們we你們you他們考點(diǎn)2.用人稱(chēng)代詞賓格代替主格的情況①口語(yǔ)中作表語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)代詞一般用賓格,不用主格。Whoisit?It‘sme.②在比較句型中,as和than后的主格可以用賓格代替。Iamtallerthanshe/her.Heisastallasshe/her.③but,except作—除了…‖時(shí)并且位于主語(yǔ)之后是,后面可以跟主格也可跟賓格。Nobodybut/excepthe/himknewit.④人稱(chēng)代詞單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)時(shí),常用賓格。Whorunsfaster,youorme?3.---Susan,goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.----Why____?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.A.himB.heC.ID.me4.【201*山東】-----PoorSteve!Icouldhardlyrecognizehimjustnow!------_______________.Hehaschangedsomuch.A.NevermindB.NoproblemC.NotatallD.Meneither主格賓格Iyouhesheittheymeyouhimheritusyouthem考點(diǎn)1.代詞做同位語(yǔ)如果代詞和名詞指代相同時(shí),常用主格或賓格作同位語(yǔ),不用物主代詞。改錯(cuò):OurChinesepeoplearefriendly.把our改為we,因?yàn)槲覀儽旧砭褪侵袊?guó)人。1.___studentsaretiredofdoingsomuchhomework..Wehadbettermakeitknowntoourteachers.A.OurB.WeC.UsD.Ours2.【201*湖南】Tosaveclasstime,ourteacherhas________studentsdohalfoftheexerciseinclassandcompletetheotherhalfforhomework.A.usB.weC.ourD.oursNothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿,無(wú)所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的嘗試,是成功的一半)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法通霸,適合高三復(fù)習(xí),也適合高一高二學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)
第2講指示代詞
指示代詞一般指:this,that,these和those考點(diǎn)1.This,that
this常指后面要講到的事物,有啟下的作用;that則指前面講到過(guò)的事物,有承上的作用。
Iwanttotellyouthis,theEnglishpartywillbeheldonSaturdayafternoon.
Hehurthislegyesterday.That‘swhyhedidn‘tcome1.【201*浙江】Hegothisfirstbookpublished.It
turnedouttobeabestseller.Whenwas_____?
_____wasin201*whenhewasstillincollege.A.that;ThisB.this;ItC.it;ThisD.that;It2.【201*遼寧】Couldyoutellmehowtogetto
VictoriaStreet?
VictoriaStreet?__iswheretheGrandTheatreis.A.SuchB.ThereC.ThatD.This考點(diǎn)2.that指代前面提到的名詞,后總是伴隨著限制性的后置修飾語(yǔ)
that可以代指可數(shù)名詞也可代指不可數(shù)名詞。
it和that都替代"the+單數(shù)名詞(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))",都是特指,但it指前面提到的"同一"事物,而that是指前面提到的"同類(lèi)"事物。如:
①【201*全國(guó)】TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_____willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which
②【1999全國(guó)】Fewpleasurescanequal______ofacooldrinkonahotday.
A.someB.anyC.thatD.those
「分析」①選B,因?yàn)橹傅耐皇挛。②選C。that替代thepleasure,與前面提到的同屬"快樂(lè)的事",但卻是不同的事。
如果前面名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),要用those而不用that。
3.【201*江蘇】I"mmovingtothecountrysidebecause
theairthereismuchfresherthan________inthecity.A.onesB.oneC.thatD.those4.Ourfurnitureismuchcheaperthan______you
boughtlastyear.
A.oneB.onesC.thatD.those5.【201*全國(guó)I】TheEnglishspokenintheUnited
Statesisonlyslightlydifferentfrom___spokeninEngland.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.theone6.【201*全國(guó)I】Oneofthemostimportantquestions
theyhadtoconsiderwasofpublichealth.A.whatB.thisC.thatD.which7.【201*江蘇】Nineintenparentssaidtherewere
significantdifferencesintheirapproachtoeducatingtheirchildrencomparedwith__oftheirparents.A.thoseB.oneC.bothD.that8.【201*浙江】StudyingWendy"smenu,Ifoundthat
manyoftheitemsaresimilarto______ofMcDonald"s.
A.thoseB.onesC.anyD.all
第3講不定代詞
沒(méi)有明確指定代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的詞叫做不定代詞,常用的不定代詞如下:
all,any,another,both,each,every,either,every,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one,other,some以及由some,any,no,very和body,one,thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞
考點(diǎn)1.one不可指代不可數(shù)名詞
1.【201*重慶】Sillyme!Iforgetwhatmyluggage
lookslike.
Whatdoyouthinkof______overthere?A.theoneB.thisC.itD.that2.Ourfurnitureismuchcheaperthan______you
boughtlastyear.
A.oneB.onesC.thatD.those
考點(diǎn)2.one作同位語(yǔ)
3.【201*全國(guó)】Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyears
wasanunforgettablemoment,______Iwillalwaystreasure.
A.thatB.oneC.itD.what4.ForTimthiswasthebeginningofanewlife,____he
thoughthewouldneversee.
A.whatB.thatC.oneD.it5.------CanIhelpyou?
------I‘dliketobuyagiftformymother,____ataproperpricebutofgreatuse.
A.thatB.oneC.anyoneD.everything考點(diǎn)3.one,it,(theone,theones)的區(qū)別
在指代時(shí),one可以替換為:a+名詞,而it指特定如果說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí)有捷徑可走,那么它就是勤奮;如果說(shuō)知識(shí)就是力量,那么它就是實(shí)踐。的某一個(gè),相當(dāng)于the+名詞6.【201*全國(guó)】-Whydon"twetakealittlebreak?-Didn"twejusthave________?A.itB.thatC.oneD.this7.【201*福建】Wehavevarioussummercampsforyourholidays,youcanchoose____basedonyourowninterests.A.eitherB.eachC.oneD.it8.【1992全國(guó)】Mr.Zhanggavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept_______whohadalreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers9.【201*江西】Carsdocauseussomehealthproblemsinfactfarmoreserious____thanmobilephonesdo.A.oneB.onesC.itD.those10.【201*浙江】We‘vebeenlookingatthehousesbuthaven‘tfound_________welikeyet.A.oneB.onesC.itD.them11.【201*陜西】Thereisstillacopyofthebookinthelibrary.Willyougoandborrow?No,I‘dratherbuyinthebookstore.A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;it考點(diǎn)4.each,every表示“每一”時(shí)的區(qū)別①?gòu)臄?shù)量上:each用于兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物,而every用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物。也就是說(shuō),只有兩個(gè)時(shí),必須用each,三個(gè)及三個(gè)以上時(shí),用each和every都行。)Each/Everystudenthasacomputer.②從意義上:each側(cè)重于個(gè)體,強(qiáng)調(diào)—每一個(gè)‖,而every側(cè)重于整體,強(qiáng)調(diào)—全部‖。Eachstudenthasacomputer.每個(gè)學(xué)生都有臺(tái)電腦。Everystudenthasacomputer.所以的學(xué)生都有臺(tái)電腦③從詞性上:every只能作形容詞,而each可做代詞和形容詞和副詞。Eachboyhaseatenoneapple.(each為形容詞)Eachofthemhaseatenoneapple.(each為代詞)Theyeachhaveeatenoneapple.(each為代詞,作同位語(yǔ))Theyhaveeatenoneappleeach.(each為副詞)改錯(cuò):①Therearemanytalltreesoneverysideoftheroad.②Everyofthestudentsinourclasshasadictionary.改為:①把every改為each,因?yàn)槁分挥袃蓷l邊,而every用于三者及三者以上。②把Every改為Each,或在Every后加one。12.【201*上!縒henhetookhisglovesoff,Inoticedthatonehadhisnamewritteninside.A.eachB.everyC.otherD.another考點(diǎn)5.any,either表示“任何一個(gè)”時(shí)的區(qū)別①any表示—任何‖的意思,用于三者及三者以上。Anychildcandothat.(定語(yǔ))Youmaytakeanyofthem.(賓語(yǔ))②either是—兩者中任何一個(gè)‖的意思,可修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。如:Herearetwopens.Youmaytakeeitherofthem.(賓語(yǔ))③有時(shí),either可以與each相互換。Therearemanytreesoneither/eachsideoftheroad.13.【201*全國(guó)】Whichofthetwocomputergamesdidyouprefer?ActuallyIdidn‘tlike_____.A.bothofthemB.eitherofthemC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem14.【201*上!緿oyouwantteaorcoffee?____,Ireallydon‘tmind.A.noneB.neitherC.eitherD.or15.【201*陜西】Janewasaskedalotofquestions,butshedidn‘tanswer_____ofthem.A.otherB.a(chǎn)nyC.noneD.some16.【201*重慶】Hehadlosthistemperandhishealthinthewarandneverfound_______ofthemagain.A.neitherB.eitherC.eachD.all考點(diǎn)6.neither,both與all;none,(both與all表示部分否定)①both用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定時(shí),用neither。如:Bothofusarenotteachers.我們倆并不都是教師。Neitherofusisateacher.我們倆都不是教師。②all用于否定句,表示部分否定,完全否定用none。如:Notalltheantsgooutforfood.(or:Alltheantsdon‘tgooutforfood.)并不是所有的螞蟻都出去尋找食物。Noneofthemoneyismine.這錢(qián)一分也不是我的。③另外,neither是—兩者中沒(méi)有一個(gè)‖的意思,可以做形容詞,修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,它所修飾的名詞用單數(shù)形式,后面的謂語(yǔ)也用單數(shù)形式。如NeitherboyknowsFrench.17.【1998全國(guó)】CanyoucomeonMondayorTuesday?I‘mafraid____dayispossible.A.eitherB.neitherC.someD.any18.【201*浙江】Ifyoucan‘tdecidewhichofthetwobookstoborrow,whydon‘tyoutake______?Iwon‘tNothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿,無(wú)所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的嘗試,是成功的一半)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法通霸,適合高三復(fù)習(xí),也適合高一高二學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)readthemthisweek.A.allB.anyC.eitherD.both19.____ofthemdonotdrinkwine.Abottlewillbeenough.A.NoB.NoneC.AllD.Everyone20.【201*全國(guó)新課標(biāo)】LarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,but_ofthemwantsto,becausetheyhaveworktodo.A.eitherB.anyC.neitherD.none21.【201*重慶】John,whenshallwemeetagain,ThursdayorFriday?___________.I‘llbeofftoLondonthen.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None考點(diǎn)7.none,noone,nobody的區(qū)別24.【201*浙江】I‘dlikesomemorecheese.Sorry,there‘s______left.A.someB.noneC.alittleD.few25.【201*上海】Wow!You‘vegotsomanyclothes.--But_____ofthemareinfashionnow.A.allB.bothC.neitherD.none26.【201*江西】Mybrotherwouldliketobuyagoodwatchbutwasavailablefromthatshop.A.nothingB.noneC.nooneD.neither27.------Didyouhaveanytroublewiththecustomers?------____tospeakof.A.NoneB.NeitherC.NothingD.No考點(diǎn)8.another,other,others,theother,theothers,therest①noone,nobody只指人,nothing指沒(méi)有什么事物,①—theother+名詞復(fù)數(shù)‖(或用theothers)表示—其余none兼指人和物。的全部……‖;—other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或用others)泛指—其他的(別的)人或物‖(并不有意強(qiáng)調(diào)全部)。②用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),noone、nobody后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般如:用單數(shù),按傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法,兩者之后均不能接of短Fiveofthepencilsarered,theothers(theotherpens)語(yǔ)。none代替不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用areyellow.單數(shù)形式;代替可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可Somearesinging,andothersaredancing.(others泛指用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。None后可跟of短語(yǔ)。其余的,指其余的絕大部分。暗示可能有極少數(shù)既如:Noone(Nobody)knows.誰(shuí)也不知道。沒(méi)唱歌也沒(méi)跳舞。如果用theothers則只剩余的全Noone(Nobody)likesit.沒(méi)人喜歡它。部,表示其余的無(wú)一例外都在跳舞。)③none往往暗示有一定的范圍(這種范圍通常就表some…,some…,some…,others…,意為—一些……現(xiàn)在其后的of短語(yǔ)上),著眼于數(shù)量概念,"特一些……一些‖。指的人或物一個(gè)也沒(méi)有,一點(diǎn)兒也沒(méi)有"。而noone或nobody則不暗示這種范圍,即指—誰(shuí)都沒(méi)②theother強(qiáng)調(diào)剩下的這一個(gè),此時(shí)只有一個(gè);常出現(xiàn)在one…theother中,用于兩者之間。如:Hegot有。twobooks;oneisatextbook,theotherisanovel.體會(huì)下面的兩組對(duì)話(huà):也可用于其它表示—只剩下這一個(gè)‖的情況。如:A:Didanyofyourfriendscometoseeyou?你的Therewerethreeboysintheclassroom.OneisTom,朋友當(dāng)中有誰(shuí)來(lái)看過(guò)你嗎?anotherisJohn,andtheotherisKen.B:None.一個(gè)也沒(méi)來(lái)。another修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,用于—三個(gè)或三A:Didanyonecometoseeyou?有人來(lái)看過(guò)你嗎?個(gè)以上‖,指代剩下的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上中的一個(gè)。B:Noone(Nobody).誰(shuí)也沒(méi)來(lái)Thiscoatistoodark.Pleaseshowmeanother.(賓語(yǔ),④在回答howmany或howmuch的提問(wèn)時(shí),通常用none,而在回答who的提問(wèn)時(shí),通常用noone或nobody。體會(huì):A:HowmanyEnglishbookshaveyouread?你讀過(guò)多少本英文書(shū)?B:None.一本也沒(méi)讀。A:Howmuchmoneydidyougiveher?你給了她多少錢(qián)?B:None.一分也沒(méi)給。A:Whowenttoseethefilm?誰(shuí)去看電影了?B:Noone【Nobody】.誰(shuí)也沒(méi)去。22.------Howmanyelephantsdidyousee?------____.A.NoneB.NooneC.NothingD.Notmany23.Whowasinthebuildingwhenthefirebrokeout?____.A.NoneB.NooneC.NotanyoneD.Notanybody.外衣總數(shù)為為三件及三件以上。除去這個(gè)外衣之外,剩下的起碼有兩件;如果只剩一件的話(huà),就要用theother。)one…another/asecond…athird…theother…常用語(yǔ)列舉,意為—一個(gè)……一個(gè)……一個(gè)……一個(gè)‖用于三者或三者以上的排列。③another還可表示—再,又‖。(參看:P錯(cuò)誤!未定義書(shū)簽。manymore+名詞,muchmore+名詞,與another)④therest既可代替可數(shù)名詞,也可代替不可數(shù)名詞,而another,other,others,theother(s)只能代替可數(shù)名詞。⑤else只能放在復(fù)合不定代詞或者疑問(wèn)詞后。如:Didyouseeanybodyelse?你還看見(jiàn)別的人嗎?Whoelsewasattheparty?聚會(huì)上還有誰(shuí)⑥eachother,oneanother(相互),按傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法,eachother指兩者;而oneanother指三者或三者以上。如果說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí)有捷徑可走,那么它就是勤奮;如果說(shuō)知識(shí)就是力量,那么它就是實(shí)踐。但在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,兩者?苫Q。如:Youshouldhelpeachother[oneanother].你們應(yīng)該互相幫助。Weknoweachother‘s[oneanother‘s]weakpoints.我們都彼此了解對(duì)方的缺點(diǎn)。⑦oneafteranother(一個(gè)接一個(gè)),如:I"mnotsurprisedhe"sfeelingill-hewaseatingoneice-creamafteranother!⑧—anyother+單數(shù)名詞‖(別的/其他的任何一個(gè))ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.⑨onewayoranother以某種方式;無(wú)論如何。Everyoneatthepartywasrelated(in)onewayoranother.Thesebillshavetobepaidonewayoranother.28.【201*陜西】-Wouldyougetmeabarofchocolatefromthekitchen,dear?-____one?A.OtherB.EveryC.AnotherD.More29.【201*全國(guó)】Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroomyou‘llhavetopay_____$15.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.each30.【201*安徽】Youaretheteamstar!Workingwith________isreallyyourcupoftea.A.bothB.eitherC.othersD.theother31.【201*重慶】Overthepast20years,theInternethelpedchangeourworldin_____wayoranotherforthebetter.A.anyB.oneC.everyD.either32.【201*全國(guó)1】I"llspendhalfofmyholidaypracticingEnglishand________halflearningdrawing.A.anotherB.theotherC.other‘sD.other.33.【201*上海】Noprogresswasmadeinthetradetalkasneithersidewouldaccepttheconditionsof___.A.othersB.theotherC.eitherD.another34.Ihavedonemuchofthework.Couldyoupleasefinish________intwodays?A.therestB.theotherC.anotherD.theothers我認(rèn)為在那方面你可能是有道理的。③somethingofa(an)+n表示—可以說(shuō)是一個(gè)……‖的意思。Dr.Jamesisascholarandsomethingofaphilosopher.詹姆斯博士是個(gè)學(xué)者,也可以說(shuō)是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的哲學(xué)家。聯(lián)系:Heisn‘tmuchofacook35.【201*山東】Makesureyou‘vegotthepassportsandticketsand_____beforeyouleave.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing36.【201*重慶】Jimsoldmostofhisthings.Hehashardly_______leftinthehouse.A.anythingB.everythingC.nothingD.something37.____ofuscandoeverything,butallofuscando____.A.None,somethingB.Some,everythingC.Few,somethingD.Few,nothing38.【201*湖南】Iknowthat_____wouldeverdiscouragehim;hewouldnevergiveupwantingtobeadirector.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing39.【201*四川】Thereis_____inhiswords.Weshouldhaveatry.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything考點(diǎn)10.anyone,someone,和everyone40.【201*全國(guó)1】Wehaven‘tenoughbooksfor___;someofyouwillhavetoshare.A.somebodyB.a(chǎn)nybodyC.everybodyD.nobody41.【201*湖北】First,itisimportanttorecognizewhatkindofpersonyouareandwhichspecialqualitiesmakeyoudifferentfrom_____.A.everyoneelseB.theotherC.someoneelseD.therest42.【201*安徽】Idon‘tthinkwe‘vemetbefore.You‘retakingmefor______.考點(diǎn)9.something,everything,nothing,anythingA.someotherB.someoneelse①something意為—重要的人物‖,相當(dāng)于somebody。C.otherpersonD.oneotherShethinksshe‘ssomethingsinceshewonthebeauty43.【201*上!縏hemayorhasofferedarewardofcontest.$5000to___whocancapturethetigeraliveordead.選美比賽得了獎(jiǎng),她就自以為了不起了。A.bothB.othersC.anyoneSheactsasifsheweresomethingsinceshewontheprize.考點(diǎn)11.everyone與everyone自從獲獎(jiǎng)以來(lái)她就表現(xiàn)得自命不凡了。everyone是一個(gè)詞,只用來(lái)指人,等于everybody,在聯(lián)系:Hethinksheissomebodybutheisnobody.它后面不能跟介詞of;everyone是兩個(gè)詞,既可用來(lái)他自以為了不起,實(shí)際他一文不名。指人,也可用來(lái)指物,等于eachone,后面可跟介詞②something還可表示“重要的事物”。of。請(qǐng)看以下例句:Thesepaintingswerereallysomething.①Everyoneofthechildrenlikesthisgame.(誤)這些畫(huà)確實(shí)出色。Ithinkyoumayhavesomethingthere.Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿,無(wú)所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的嘗試,是成功的一半)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法通霸,適合高三復(fù)習(xí),也適合高一高二學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)
每個(gè)孩子都喜歡這個(gè)游戲。
Everyoneofthechildrenlikesthisgame.(正)②Everyone/EverybodyinourclassisinterestedinlearningEnglish.
我們班上每個(gè)人都愛(ài)學(xué)英語(yǔ)。(Everyone用作主語(yǔ))③Noteveryone(everybody)intheUSAisrich.在美國(guó)并不是人人都富裕。(everyone用作主語(yǔ))【鏈接】everyday日常的,everyday每天HereciteseverydayEnglisheveryday.他每天被日常英語(yǔ)。
44._____likesbeingpraised._____ofthemespecially
likesbeingpraised.
A.Everyone,EveryoneB.Everyone,EveryoneC.Everyone,EveryoneD.Everyone,Everyone考點(diǎn)12.everybody/something等人稱(chēng)代詞替代問(wèn)題anyone/anybody/somebody/everybody①指?jìng)(gè)體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù):Hasanyonea
dictionaryhecanlendme?
.Everyoneinourclassgoesinforsports.
②指—全部、無(wú)一例外‖時(shí),anyone/anybody在附加問(wèn)句中,則其主語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)代詞表示此意:Anybodycanenterfortherace,can‘tthey?
Everyoneinourclassgoesinforsports,don’tthey?③在口語(yǔ)中,特別是對(duì)話(huà)中,為避免明確指出所指對(duì)象的性別,Everybodywaswearingtheirshorts.Itoldeveryonetorunasfastastheycan.
something,everything謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)(包括在反意問(wèn)句的陳述和疑問(wèn)部分中):
Everythinghasgonewrongtoday,hasn’tit?
比昂英語(yǔ)(原遠(yuǎn)航英語(yǔ))系列叢書(shū)之《高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法通霸201*版》(適合201*高考)
第4講反身代詞
反身代詞指:myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,
ourselves,yourselves,themselves
表示單數(shù)的反身代詞以self結(jié)尾;表示復(fù)數(shù)的反身代詞以selves結(jié)尾;
第一人稱(chēng)和第二人稱(chēng)前面用的是物主代詞;第三人稱(chēng)前面用的是代詞賓格。
反身代詞有兩種用法:反射,強(qiáng)調(diào)①反射:
反身代詞指代主語(yǔ),與指代的名詞或代詞形成互指關(guān)系。反身代詞和人稱(chēng)代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)具有不同的含義。如:
Hesawhimselfinthemirror.他在鏡子里看見(jiàn)了他自己。(himself,he為同一人)Hesawhiminthemirror.他在鏡子里看見(jiàn)了他。(him顯然指另外一人)因此當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)指代同一人時(shí),要用反身代詞,不能用人稱(chēng)代詞。
Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchlastnight.我們昨晚玩得很開(kāi)心。
Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.請(qǐng)你隨便吃點(diǎn)魚(yú)。Icouldnotdress(myself)upatthattime.那個(gè)時(shí)候我不能打扮我自己。Sheseatedherselfbythewindow.她揀了窗邊的一個(gè)座位坐下來(lái)。Iliketotravelbymyself.
Iamnotmyselftoday.我今天不舒服。Shewasbesideherselfwithgrief.她悲傷過(guò)度,神經(jīng)失常了。
Behaveyourself,children.孩子們,規(guī)矩點(diǎn)。Thegirlfelloffherbikeandhurtherself.女孩從自行車(chē)上摔下來(lái),受了傷。②強(qiáng)調(diào):常做同位語(yǔ)
Imyselfheardhimsaysoyesterday.我昨天親自聽(tīng)他這么說(shuō)的。Shediditherself.(=Sheherselfdidit.)她自己做的。
Thestoryitselfisnotinteresting.故事本身并不令人感到有趣
1.【201*上!縄fourparentsdoeverythingforus
children,wewon"tlearntodependon_________.A.themselvesB.themC.usD.ourselves2.【201*福建】.---WhocalledmethismorningwhenI
wasnotin?
----Amancalling______Robert.A.hisB.himselfC.hisD.不填3.【201*上海春】Treattoaglassofwinetohelpyourelaxattheendoftheday.
A.oneB.oneselfC.youD.yourself4.【201*江西】Isn‘titamazinghowthehumanbody
heals____afteraninjury?
A.himselfB.himC.itselfD.it5.【201*湖南】Ourneighborsgave_____ababybird
yesterdaythathurt______whenitfellfromitsnest.如果說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí)有捷徑可走,那么它就是勤奮;如果說(shuō)知識(shí)就是力量,那么它就是實(shí)踐。A.us,itB.us,itselfC.ourselves,itselfD.ourselves,it6.【201*安徽】Surprisingly,Susan‘sbeautifulhairreachedbelowherkneesandmade_____almostanovercoatforher.A.themB.herC.itselfD.herself第5講it的其它用法考點(diǎn)1.it做形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),代指后面的不定式或動(dòng)名詞或句子1.【201*全國(guó)2】Thedoctorthought________wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it2.Whydon‘tyoubring____tohisattentionthatnowstudentsarebearingtooheavylearningload?A.itB.thisC.thatD.what3.Youmaydependon_______thathewillturnupintime.A.itB.meC.whichD.them4.【201*山東】Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfind___difficulttotellonefromtheother.A.itB.themC.herD.that5.【201*天津】Wefeel______ourdutytomakeourcountryabetterplace.A.itB.thisC.thatD.one6.Idon‘tknowwhetherIshouldgoabroadornot,Mum.Ileave_______toyourownjudgmentwhetheryoushoulddoit.A.thatB.itC.thisD.what7.【201*全國(guó)II】___feltfunnywatchingmyselfonTV.A.OneB.ThisC.ItD.That8.【201*陜西】Nomatterwhereheis,hemakes_____aruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.A.himBthisC.thatD.it9.Willyouseeto____thattheluggageisbroughtback?A.meB.yourselfC.itD.them考點(diǎn)2.用于表達(dá)天氣、環(huán)境、時(shí)間、距離、季節(jié)等①I(mǎi)t‘shalfanhour‘swalkfromheretoourschool.(指距離)②Itsniceandwarmhere.(指天氣、氣候)③Butit"stwoo"clocknow,andit"stimeforustogotoschool.(指時(shí)間)10.Theyliveonabusymainroad.____mustbeverynoisy.A.ThereB.ItC.ThatD.They考點(diǎn)3.不知性別是嬰兒常用it11.Maryisexpectinganotherbabyandhopes____willbeaboy.A.heB.thatC.itD.there考點(diǎn)4.it用以指身份不明的人it用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明確的人,則不宜用it。試比較:①M(fèi)r.Smithisatthedoor.___wantstoseeyou.②Someoneisatthedoor.___mustbeMr.Smith.A.HeB.ItC.ThisD.That答案:①He②B12.------Who‘sthat?------____ProfessorLi.A.ItsB.It‘sC.He‘sD.This‘s13.------Whoknockedonthedoor?-----I‘venoidea.Ijustpretendednobodywasathome,soIdidn‘taskwho_______was.A.heB.thatC.sheD.it考點(diǎn)5.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型14.------Whoismakingsomuchnoiseinthegarden?------____thechildren.A.ItisB.TheyareC.ThatisD.Thereare15.Whowas____thatcalledhim—comrade‖?A.herB.thatC.itD.one考點(diǎn)6.Ilikeitwhen…在通常情況下,like是及物動(dòng)詞,其后應(yīng)有賓語(yǔ)(句中it即為其賓語(yǔ))。句中的when從句不是賓語(yǔ)從句,而是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,其中的when的意思是—當(dāng)……的時(shí)候‖。其實(shí),也有的詞典將Idon‘tlikeitwhen(if)…作為一個(gè)句型來(lái)處理。能這樣用的動(dòng)詞不多,主要的有enjoy,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer,appreciate等表示喜好的動(dòng)詞。Shewon‘tlikeitifyouarrivelate.她不喜歡你遲到。Hehatesitwhenpeopleusehisbike.他討厭別人用他的自行車(chē)。16.--Haveyougotusedtoyourschoollifehere?--Yes,butIdon‘tlike__whenwehavetodoexercisesoncoldwintermorningA.thatB.itC.thoseD.thisNothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿,無(wú)所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的嘗試,是成功的一半)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法通霸,適合高三復(fù)習(xí),也適合高一高二學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)17.Idislike_______whenotherslaughatmeinpublicorthinkpoorlyofmebehind.A.thatB.thoseC.itD.them18.I‘dprefer___ifIdidn‘thavetogetupearlyonSundays.A.thatB.suchC.itD.which19.【1998全國(guó)】Ihate___whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.thisB.thatC.itD.you20.【201*山東】I‘dappreciate____ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A.thatB.itC.thisD.you21.【201*全國(guó)I】Ilike_____intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one22.-Doyoulike____here?--Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.A.thisB.theseC.thatD.it考點(diǎn)7.Ican’thelpit/canhelpit/can’thelpdoing/can’thelpbutdocan"thelpdoing=can‘thelpbutdo的:無(wú)法控制、忍不住做某事、不能停止做某事Shetalkedtoomuch;shecouldn‘thelpit/herself.Hefailedintheexaminationandcouldn‘thelpfeelingsad.他考試沒(méi)通過(guò),不由得不感到難過(guò)。Youcan'thelpbutrespectthem.你不能不尊敬他們。Suedoesn‘talwaysmeantobesorudebutsometimesshejustcan"thelpherself.Ialwaysgetangrywithhim.Ijustcan"thelpit.can‘thelp—不能制止,不能控制‖;那么canhelp就是—能制止,能控制住‖【201*全國(guó)I】IfIcanhelp_______,Idon‘tlikeworkinglateintothenight.A.soB.thatC.itD.them本句的意思為—要是我能制止得住的話(huà),我也不愿意工作到深夜‖。又如:Ican‘thelpitifhedoesn‘tcome.如果他不來(lái),我也沒(méi)辦法。Wecan‘thelpitthatthingswentbadly.沒(méi)有辦法,事情進(jìn)展得不順利。23.【201*全國(guó)I】IfIcanhelp_______,Idon‘tlikeworkinglateintothenight.A.soB.thatC.itD.them24.【201*全國(guó)1】Ohdear!I‘vejustbrokenawindow.____.Itcan‘tbehelped.A.NevermindB.AllrightC.that‘sfineD.Notatall考點(diǎn)8.makeit的用法①表示事業(yè)獲得成功Youwillmakeitifyoutry.你會(huì)成功的,如果你努力的話(huà)。He‘sneverreallymadeitasanactor.他當(dāng)演員從未有所成就。②表示某人做成某事Youneedn‘tworry;hewillmakeit.你不必?fù)?dān)心,他會(huì)辦成的。Ithoughthewouldbetoooldtogettothetopofthemountain,buthemadeitatlast.我原以為他年紀(jì)大爬不到山頂,但最后他還是爬上去了。③表示設(shè)法做到某事I‘vebeenhavingviolinlessonseverytwoweeks,butIthinkI‘llmakeiteveryweekfromnowon.我一直是每?jī)蓚(gè)星期上一次小提琴課,但是我想從現(xiàn)在起每個(gè)星期都上課。④表示及時(shí)抵達(dá)某地Wearetoolate;Idon‘tthinkwecanmakeit.我們太遲了,我想我們難以準(zhǔn)時(shí)趕到了。Thetrainwon‘tleaveforanothertenminutes,soIthinkwecanmakeit.離開(kāi)車(chē)還有10分鐘,我想我們能趕得上。⑤表示約定時(shí)間—Shallwemakeitnextweek?‖—OK,let‘smakeitnextweek.‖—下個(gè)星期可以嗎?‖—好的,咱們就定在下個(gè)星期吧!琇et‘smakeitat8:30.Isthatallrightforyou?我們約定在8點(diǎn)半吧,這對(duì)你合適嗎?⑥表示病情好轉(zhuǎn)Thedoctorknewthatthepatientwasunlikelytomakeit.醫(yī)生知道那個(gè)病人沒(méi)什么希望了。25.【201*全國(guó)Ⅱ】Sarahmade___totheairportjustintimetocatchherplanethismorning.A.herselfB.thisC.thatD.it
寫(xiě)作專(zhuān)練1.使用好代詞,寫(xiě)正確優(yōu)美句子(P10)
如果說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí)有捷徑可走,那么它就是勤奮;如果說(shuō)知識(shí)就是力量,那么它就是實(shí)踐。第二部分專(zhuān)題過(guò)關(guān)測(cè)試1.【201*湖南】Tosaveclasstime,ourteacherhas________studentsdohalfoftheexerciseinclassandcompletetheotherhalfforhomework.A.usB.weC.ourD.ours2.【201*浙江】Hegothisfirstbookpublished.Itturnedouttobeabestseller.Whenwas_____?_____wasin201*whenhewasstillincollege.A.that;ThisB.this;ItC.it;ThisD.that;It3.Foranumberofpupils,theirteacher‘sadviceismoreimportantthan____oftheirparents‘.A.oneB.thatC.whichD.what4.Lifeinthecityisdifferentfrom____inthecountry.A.thatB.oneC.theonesD.which5.------Mum,haveyouseenmymobilephone?------____youboughtlastweek?I‘mafraidIhaven‘tseen____.A.Theone;itB.Theone;oneC.One;itD.One;on6.ForTimthiswasthebeginningofanewlife,____hethoughthewouldneversee.A.whatB.thatC.oneD.it7.------Excuseme,butcanyoutellmewhichroadIshouldtaketothepostoffice?------____ofthefourroadswilldo.A.AnyB.EitherC.BothD.Every8.------CanyoucomeonMondayorTuesday?------I‘mafraid____dayispossible.A.neitherB.eitherC.someD.any9.【201*遼寧】-Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?-______,thankyou.I"vejusthadsomewater.A.EitherB.BothC.AnyD.Neither10.【201*福建】Howdoyoufindyournewclassmates?Mostofthemarekind,but__issogoodtomeasBruce.A.noneB.nooneC.everyoneD.someone11.Shanghaiisreallyafascinatingcityandwe‘vedecidedtostayfor___twoweeks.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.theother12.【201*全國(guó)2】Neithersideispreparedtotalktounlesswecansmooththingsoverbetweenthem.A.othersB.theotherC.anotherD.oneother13.SomeofthewheatisfromCanada.Whatabout________?A.anotherB.theotherC.othersD.therest14.【201*重慶】Victorcertainlycarestoomuchabouthimself.Yes.He‘sneverinterestedinwhat______isdoing.A.nooneelseB.anyoneelseC.someoneelseD.nobodyelse15.【201*上海春】Manyfast-growingcountriesarelessconcernedwithprotecting___againstclimatechange.A.oneB.oneselfC.themD.themselves16.【201*天津】Hedidn‘tmake________clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A.thisB.thatC.itD.these17.【201*湖南】AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade_________herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople‘saffairsinthattown.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.itNothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿,無(wú)所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的嘗試,是成功的一半)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法通霸,適合高三復(fù)習(xí),也適合高一高二學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)
18.------Whoismakingsomuchnoiseinthegarden?
------____thechildren.
A.ItisB.TheyareC.ThatisD.Thereare19.Ihate_______ifpeoplesaysuchthingsinpublic.
A.thatB.thoseC.itD.them
20.Willyouseeto_______thatmychildrenaretakengoodcareofwhileIamaway?
A.itB.meC.yourselfD.them
第三部分寫(xiě)作能力提升
寫(xiě)作專(zhuān)練1.使用好代詞,寫(xiě)出正確優(yōu)美句子(參看P錯(cuò)誤!未定義書(shū)簽。錯(cuò)誤!未找到引用源。)1.在我看來(lái),我們學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守學(xué)校制度,做學(xué)校讓我們做的事情。(obeytheregulations,whatever)
2.在冬季,北京的天氣比廣州的天氣冷得多。(theweatherofBeijing)
3.張老師是一位非常受人尊重的老師,一位我們余生都不會(huì)忘記的老師。(amostrespected,one,fortherestof
ourlives.
4.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)關(guān)心環(huán)境。我們中的每一個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)為保護(hù)環(huán)境做出貢獻(xiàn)。(everyone,careabout,theenvironment,
everyone,makeacontributionto)5.一些人贊成這個(gè)主意。不過(guò),另外一些人強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)。(some,infavorof,however,stronglyagainst)
6.你盡可放心,他明天會(huì)按時(shí)來(lái)的,因?yàn)樗鞘澜缟献钪档眯刨?lài)的人。(dependonit,turnup,reliable)
7.到家我才意識(shí)到我把那本書(shū)遺忘在那里了。你負(fù)責(zé)把那本書(shū)盡早寄過(guò)來(lái)好嗎?(Notuntil,seetoit,sendback,
assoonaspossible)8.我非常喜歡這里,因?yàn)檫@里風(fēng)景優(yōu)美,空氣清新。(like,scenery,fantastic,theair,refreshing)
9.站在山頂,看著這些巨大的巖石,你會(huì)情不自禁地想知道它們是如何形成的。(giganticrocks,can‘helpbut
wonder,comeintobeing)10.相信你自己,盡自己最大努力,你遲早會(huì)成功的。(believein,makeit)
友情提示:本文中關(guān)于《初高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)和練習(xí)3.代詞》給出的范例僅供您參考拓展思維使用,初高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)和練習(xí)3.代詞:該篇文章建議您自主創(chuàng)作。
來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理 免責(zé)聲明:本文僅限學(xué)習(xí)分享,如產(chǎn)生版權(quán)問(wèn)題,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們及時(shí)刪除。