201*高考英語語法知識點歸納總結：主謂一致

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二、名詞和主謂一致

I.名詞的種類專有名詞國名地名人名，團體機構名稱可數(shù)名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞特別注意名詞類別的相互轉換個體名詞與抽象名詞的相互轉換

例句①Sheheldsomeflowersinherhand.②Thetreesarenowinflower①Youthisbeautiful.②Heisayouthoftwenty①Theyhaveachievedremarkablesuccessintheirwork.②HowabouttheChristmaseveningparty?Ishouldsayitwasasuccess.例句①Ironisakindofmetal.②Pleaselendmeyouriron.①Hebrokeapieceofglass.②Hebrokeaglass.①Iboughtachickenthismorning②Pleasehelpyourselftosomechicken意義花兒開花青春年輕人成功成功的事物質名詞與個體名詞的相互轉換意義鐵熨斗玻璃玻璃杯小雞雞肉抽象名詞與個體名詞的轉換

具有動作意義的抽象名詞加用①I’dlike______informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.Well,youcouldhave____wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful與某些動詞（如：have等）連名詞性質物質名詞個體名詞物質名詞個體名詞個體名詞物質名詞名詞性質個體名詞抽象名詞抽象名詞個體名詞抽象名詞個體名詞普通名詞不可數(shù)名詞物質名詞版權所有@高考資源網高考資源網（ks5u.com）您身邊的高考專家

用，表示某一次短暫的動作A.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a②Theysentuswordofthelatesthappenings.消息（抽象名詞）A.aB.anC./D.the③Couldwehavewordbeforeyougotothemeeting?話（個體名詞）A.aB.anC./D.the類例：haveadream/arest/asmoke/aswim/atrip/awash/adiscussion/alooktakeawalk/abathmakeanadvance(進步)/makeanearlystart(早點出發(fā))/makeadecision/makeachange/giveacryofpain(發(fā)出痛苦的叫聲)/giveatry①Manypeopleagreethat___knowledgeofEnglishisamustin____internationaltradetoday.A.a,/B.the,anC.the,theD./,the表示知識和時間的抽象名詞轉換為普通名詞時可以用來表示其中的一部分aknowledgeoftruth(知道實際情況)giveafullerknowledgeofChina(提供關于中國更為翔實的知識)haveaknowledgeofshorthand(有速記的知識)②Iftherewerenoexamination,weshouldhave______atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime③ismoney.A.ThetimeB.AtimeC.TimeD.Times抽象名詞轉換為普通名詞可用①Oh,John._____yougaveme!A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.Howpleasantsurprise來表示“一次、一陣、一種”C.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise具體的行為、事件、現(xiàn)象或結果。這時名詞前往往有形容詞②ShelookedupwhenIshouted.A.inasurpriseB.inthesurpriseC.insurpriseD.insomesurprise修飾版權所有@高考資源網高考資源網（ks5u.com）您身邊的高考專家

其它例子：Thegiftcameasacompletesurprisetome.Wehavehadsomeunpleasantsurprise③Itis_____workofartthateveryonewantstohavealookatit.A.sounusualB.suchunusualC.suchanunusualD.soanunusualII.名詞的數(shù)

規(guī)則名詞的復數(shù)形式：名詞的復數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es（參看有關語法書）。英語里有些名詞的復數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，請看下表

規(guī)則12345改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式單復數(shù)相同只有復數(shù)形式一些集體名詞總是用作復數(shù)部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復數(shù)（成員）復數(shù)形式表示特別含義加-s7表示“某國人”單復數(shù)同形以-man或-woman結尾的改為-men,-women將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)8合成名詞將兩部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)III.主謂一致規(guī)則情況舉例例詞man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-micesheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contentspeople,police,cattle,staffaudience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,partycustoms(海關),forces(軍隊),times(時代),spirits(情緒),drinks(飲料),sands(沙灘),papers(文件報紙),manners(禮貌),looks(外表),brains(頭腦智力),greens(青菜),ruins(廢墟)Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,EuropeansSwiss,Portuguese,Chinese,JapaneseEnglishmen,Frenchwomensons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriendswomensingers,menservants6無主體名詞時將最后一部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches版權所有@高考資源網高考資源網（ks5u.com）您身邊的高考專家

語法一致原則Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.以單數(shù)名詞或代詞動詞不定式短語，動名詞短語或從句作主Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復數(shù)時，謂語動詞由what引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形用復數(shù)形式。式，但若表語是復數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復數(shù)意義的并列結構時，主句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。whatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfulforyou.LucyandLilyaretwinsThewriterandartisthascome.由連接詞and或bothand連接起來的主語后面，要用復數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。但若所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語就用單數(shù)形式。由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no,each,every或morethana(an)/one,manya(an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。either,neither,each,every或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some,anyno,every構成的復合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。.Everystudentandeveryteachisintheclassroom.Manyaboyandmanyagirllikesit.Noboyandnogirllikesit.Eachofushasanewbook.Iseveryoneheretoday?Somebodyisspeakinginclass.Everythingaroundusismatter若noneof后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數(shù)。若它后面的名詞是復數(shù)，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復數(shù)都可以。Noneofthesugarwasleft.Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.Thosewhowanttogopleasewritetheirnamesontheblackboard.在定語從句里，關系代詞that,who,which等作主語時，其Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。Heisthe(only)oneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.在強調句型中應與被強調部分一致ItisIwhoamgoingtothecinematonight.Itiswewhoaregoingtothecinematonight.版權所有@高考資源網高考資源網（ks5u.com）您身邊的高考專家

Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.Thecattleareeatinggrassinthefield.如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；Hisfamilyhasmovedtothesouth.(他的一家)如果它指的集體的成員，其謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式HisfamilyarewatchingTV.（他的家人）Classfourisonthethirdfloor.（四班）ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.（四班的學生）Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.由alotof/lotsof/plentyof/aheapof/heapsof/therest50percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.of/themajorityof+名詞構成的短語以及由分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名此外，還有anumberof+復數(shù)名詞有類似的用法（用復數(shù)），但詞構成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面thenumberof+復數(shù)名詞的數(shù)就得依number而定（用單數(shù)）。Anumberofstudentshavegonetothefarmtohelpthefarmer名詞的數(shù)而定。pickapples.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookisthreehundred.在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后的主語一致邏輯意義一Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.Betweenthetwohillsstandsamonument.Whichisyourbag?Whichareyourbags?AreanyofyougoodatEnglish?Hasanyofyougotapen?Allcanbedonehasbeendone.Allisgoingwell.Allhavebeentakenout.AllhavegonetoBeijing.What,who,which,any,more,all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定。Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework..表示時間重量長度價值等的名詞的復數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞Twentypoundsistoodear.通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整如強調這類詞的復數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式體。Fortykilosofwaterareusedeveryday.若英語是書名名格言劇名報名國名等的復數(shù)形式，其謂語動TheUnitedStatesissmallerthanChina.“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.詞通常用單數(shù)形式。版權所有@高考資源網高考資源網（ks5u.com）您身邊的高考專家

致原則表數(shù)量的短語“oneandahalf”后面接復數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.一些學科名詞是以-ics結尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等。都屬于形式上是復數(shù)的名詞，實際Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.這家造紙廠建于1990年。Idon’tthinkphysicsiseasytostudy.意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,scissors(剪刀)等詞作主語Myglassesarebroken.時，謂語用復數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a(the)pairof等量詞Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.修飾時（clothes被asuitof修飾）謂語動詞用單數(shù)。“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人動詞用復數(shù)；若表示某一類東西時，動詞用單數(shù)。Theoldaretakengoodcareofthere.Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoall.就近/遠一致原則Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.當兩個主語由eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutNeitherhenortheyarewhollyright.also,whetheror連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語保持一致,Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.即就近一致。Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?therebe句型中be動詞的單復數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語，則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致，即就近一致。Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.主語后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,Awomanwithababywasonthebus.nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,besides,alongwith,NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.including,inadditionto等引起的短語，謂語動詞要跟主語She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.ThegirlsaswellastheboyhavelearnedtospeakJapanese.一致，即就遠一致。Nooneexceptmyteachersknowsanythingaboutit.

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擴展閱讀：201*高考英語語法知識點歸納總結：主謂一致

二、名詞和主謂一致

I.名詞的種類專有名詞國名地名人名，團體機構名稱普通名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質名詞特別注意名詞類別的相互轉換個體名詞與抽象名詞的相互轉換例句意義名詞性質①Sheheldsomeflowersinherhand.花兒個體名詞②Thetreesarenowinflower開花抽象名詞①Youthisbeautiful.青春抽象名詞②Heisayouthoftwenty年輕人個體名詞①Theyhaveachievedremarkablesuccessin成功抽象名詞theirwork.②HowabouttheChristmasevening成功的事個體名詞party?Ishouldsayitwasasuccess.物質名詞與個體名詞的相互轉換例句意義名詞性質①Ironisakindofmetal.鐵物質名詞②Pleaselendmeyouriron.熨斗個體名詞①Hebrokeapieceofglass.玻璃物質名詞②Hebrokeaglass.玻璃杯個體名詞

①Iboughtachickenthismorning②Pleasehelpyourselftosomechicken小雞個體名詞雞肉物質名詞抽象名詞與個體名詞的轉換①I’dlike______informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.Well,youcouldhave____wordwiththemanager.HemightbehelpfulA.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a②Theysentuswordofthelatesthappenings.消息（抽象名詞）具有動作意義的抽象A.aB.anC./D.the名詞加用與某些動詞③Couldwehavewordbeforeyougotothemeeting?話（個體名詞）（如：have等）連A.aB.anC./D.the用，表示某一次短暫的類例：haveadream/arest/asmoke/aswim/atrip/awash/adiscussion/alook動作takeawalk/abathmakeanadvance(進步)/makeanearlystart(早點出發(fā))/makeadecision/makeachange/giveacryofpain(發(fā)出痛苦的叫聲)/giveatry①Manypeopleagreethat___knowledgeofEnglishisamustin____internationaltradetoday.A.a,/B.the,anC.the,theD./,the表示知識和時間的抽aknowledgeoftruth(知道實際情況)象名詞轉換為普通名giveafullerknowledgeofChina(提供關于中國更為翔實的知識)詞時可以用來表示haveaknowledgeofshorthand(有速記的知識)其中的一部分②Iftherewerenoexamination,weshouldhave______atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime

③ismoney.A.ThetimeB.AtimeC.TimeD.Times①Oh,John._____yougaveme!A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.Howpleasantsurprise抽象名詞轉換為普通C.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise名詞可用來表示“一②ShelookedupwhenIshouted.次、一陣、一種”具體A.inasurpriseB.inthesurpriseC.insurpriseD.in的行為、事件、現(xiàn)象或somesurprise其它例子：Thegiftcameasacompletesurprisetome.Wehavehadsome結果。這時名詞前往往有unpleasantsurprise③Itis_____workofartthateveryonewantstohavealookatit.形容詞修飾A.sounusualB.suchunusualC.suchanunusualD.soanunusualII.名詞的數(shù)規(guī)則名詞的復數(shù)形式：名詞的復數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es（參看有關語法書）。英語里有些名詞的復數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，請看下表規(guī)則例詞man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式mouse-mice2單復數(shù)相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,3只有復數(shù)形式compasses,contents4一些集體名詞總是用作復數(shù)people,police,cattle,staff5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,

可以作復數(shù)（成員）6復數(shù)形式表示特別含義加-s7表示“某國單復數(shù)同形人”以-man或-woman結尾的改Englishmen,Frenchwomen為-men,-womensons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boy將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)friends8合成名詞無主體名詞時將最后一部分grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)womensingers,menservants將兩部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)III.主謂一致規(guī)情況舉例則government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,partycustoms(海關),forces(軍隊),times(時代),spirits(情緒),drinks(飲料),sands(沙灘),papers(文件報紙),manners(禮貌),looks(外表),brains(頭腦智力),greens(青菜),ruins(廢墟)Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,EuropeansSwiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese

語法一致原以單數(shù)名詞或代詞動詞不定式短語，動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。由連接詞and或both…and連接起來的主語后面，要用復數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。但若所連Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.由what引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復數(shù)意義的并列結構時，主句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。whatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfulforyou.LucyandLilyaretwinsThewriterandartisthascome.Everystudentandeveryteachisintheclassroom.Manyaboyandmanyagirllikesit.Noboyandnogirllikesit.

則接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語就用單數(shù)形式。由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no,each,every或morethana(an)/one,manya(an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。either,neither,each,every或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some,anyno,every構成的復合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。.在定語從句里，關系代詞that,who,which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。在強調句型中應與被強調部分一致Eachofushasanewbook.Iseveryoneheretoday?Somebodyisspeakinginclass.Everythingaroundusismatter若noneof后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數(shù)。若它后面的名詞是復數(shù)，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復數(shù)都可以。Noneofthesugarwasleft.Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.Thosewhowanttogopleasewritetheirnamesontheblackboard.Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heisthe(only)oneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.ItisIwhoamgoingtothecinematonight.Itiswewhoaregoingtothecinematonight.

如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果它指的集體的成員，其謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式由alotof/lotsof/plentyof/aheapof/heapsof/therestof/themajorityof+名詞構成的短語以及由分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞構成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后的主語一致Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.Thecattleareeatinggrassinthefield.Hisfamilyhasmovedtothesouth.(他的一家)HisfamilyarewatchingTV.（他的家人）Classfourisonthethirdfloor.（四班）ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.（四班的學生）Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.50percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.此外，還有anumberof+復數(shù)名詞有類似的用法（用復數(shù)），但thenumberof+復數(shù)名詞的數(shù)就得依number而定（用單數(shù)）。Anumberofstudentshavegonetothefarmtohelpthefarmerpickapples.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookisthreehundred.Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.Betweenthetwohillsstandsamonument.

What,who,which,any,more,all等代詞可以是邏單數(shù)，也可是復數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定。輯意表示時間重量長度價值等的名詞的復數(shù)作主語義時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主一語的名詞在概念上是一個整體。致若英語是書名名格言劇名報名國名等的復數(shù)形原式，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。則表數(shù)量的短語“oneandahalf”后面接復數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。Whichisyourbag?Whichareyourbags?AreanyofyougoodatEnglish?Hasanyofyougotapen?Allcanbedonehasbeendone.Allisgoingwell.Allhavebeentakenout.AllhavegonetoBeijing.Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework..Twentypoundsistoodear.如強調這類詞的復數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式Fortykilosofwaterareusedeveryday.TheUnitedStatesissmallerthanChina.“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.

一些學科名詞是以-ics結尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等。都屬于形式上是復數(shù)的名詞，實際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,scissors(剪刀)等詞作主語時，謂語用復數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a(the)pairof等量詞修飾時（clothes被asuitof修飾）謂語動詞用單數(shù)�！岸ü谠~the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人動詞用復數(shù)；若表示某一類東西時，動詞用單數(shù)。Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.這家造紙廠建于1990年。Idon’tthinkphysicsiseasytostudy.Myglassesarebroken.Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.Theoldaretakengoodcareofthere.Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoall.

就近/遠一致原則當兩個主語由eitheror,Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.neithernor,notonlybutNeitherhenortheyarewhollyright.also,whetheror連接時，Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.謂語動詞和鄰近的主語Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?保持一致,即就近一致。therebe句型中be動詞Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.的單復數(shù)取決于其后的Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語，則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致，即就近一致。主語后面跟有with,Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,togetherwith,except,but,hascometoChina.like,aswellas,nolessAwomanwithababywasonthebus.than,ratherthan,moreNobodybutJimandMikewasonthethan,besides,alongwith,playground.including,inadditiontoShe,likeyouandTom,isverytall.Thegirlsaswellastheboyhavelearnedto等引起的短語，謂語動speakJapanese.詞要跟主語一致，即就Nooneexceptmyteachersknowsanything遠一致。aboutit.

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