高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
1.able用法:beabletodo
Note:反義詞unable表示不能,而disabled表示殘疾的。beabletodo可以表示經(jīng)過艱難困苦才能做到的事。
2.abroad用法:表示到(在)國(guó)外,是一個(gè)副詞,前面不加介詞。Note:可以說(shuō)fromabroad,表示從國(guó)外回來(lái)。
3.admit用法:表示承認(rèn)的時(shí)候后面要加上動(dòng)名詞形式。Note:表示允許進(jìn)入的時(shí)候與介詞to搭配。
4.advise用法:advisesb.todo;advisedoing
Note:后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。即:advisethatsb.(should)do的形式。5.afford用法:通常與動(dòng)詞不定式搭配使用。Note:前面需要有beableto或can等詞。
6.after用法:表示在時(shí)間、空間之后;beafter表示追尋。
Note:用在將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候后面接一時(shí)間點(diǎn),而in接一個(gè)時(shí)間段,如:after3o’clock;in3days.7.agree用法:與介詞on,to,with及動(dòng)詞不定式搭配。
Note:agreeon表示達(dá)成一致;agreeto表示批準(zhǔn);agreewith表示同意某人說(shuō)的話。8.alive用法:表語(yǔ)性形容詞,在句中只能作表語(yǔ),不能作定語(yǔ)。Note:可以作狀語(yǔ)使用,表示活活地,如:burysb.alive.9.allow用法:allowdoing;allowsb.todo
Note:可以表示允許進(jìn)入,如:Pleaseallowmein.10.among用法:用在三者或三者以上的群體中。Note:還可以表示其中之一,如:Heisamongthebest.
11.and用法:用于連接兩個(gè)詞、短語(yǔ)、句子或其他相同結(jié)構(gòu)。
Note:與祈使句搭配時(shí)往往可以表示條件。如:Workhard,andyou’llsucceedsoonerorlater.12.another用法:表示又一個(gè),泛指,相當(dāng)于onemore的含義。
Note:不能直接加復(fù)數(shù)名詞,需要與一個(gè)數(shù)詞搭配,如:another2weeks.13.answer用法:及物動(dòng)詞,但在作名詞時(shí)要與介詞to搭配。Note:可以表示接電話、應(yīng)門等。如:answerthephone/door.14.anxious用法:beanxiousfor/about/todo
Note:beanxiousabout表示擔(dān)心;beanxiousfor表示盼望得到。15.appear用法:不及物動(dòng)詞,沒有賓語(yǔ),沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
Note:還可以作為系動(dòng)詞,與seem同義,表示看起來(lái)……。
16.arrive用法:arriveat表示到一個(gè)小地方;arrivein表示到一個(gè)大地方。Note:引申含義表示得出,如:arriveatadecision/conclusion.17.ask用法:asktodo;asksb.todo;askfor
Note:后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。即:askthatsb.(should)do的形式。18.asleep用法:表語(yǔ)性形容詞,在句中只能作表語(yǔ),不能作定語(yǔ)。Note:通常與動(dòng)詞be及fall搭配;soundasleep表示熟睡。
19.attend用法:表示參加,后面經(jīng)常加上meeting,lecture,conference,class,school,wedding,funeral等詞;也可以表示照顧,照料。
Note:attendto可以表示處理、照料等。
20.attention用法:payattentionto;draw/catchsb’sattentionNote:寫通知時(shí)的常用語(yǔ):MayIhaveyourattention,please?21.beat用法:表示打敗某人,或連續(xù)不斷地?fù)舸蚰澄。Note:heartbeat表示心跳。22.because用法:后面接原因狀語(yǔ)從句,becauseof后面接名詞。
Note:because表示直接原因,因此只有用它才可以回答why的特殊疑問句及用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中。23.become用法:系動(dòng)詞,表示變得……?梢杂珊米儔幕蛴蓧淖兒。Note:becomeofsb.表示某人發(fā)生了什么事情。
24.before用法:beforelong,longbefore,thedaybeforeyesterday,theweek/yearbeforelast上上周/前年
Note:Itbe+段時(shí)間before…在該句型中,主句時(shí)態(tài)只有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)和一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。25.begin用法:begintodo;begindoingNote:當(dāng)begin本身是進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候,只能用begintodo的形式。如:Itwasbeginningtorain.26.believe用法:believesb.表示相信某人說(shuō)的話;believeinsb.表示信任;6123結(jié)構(gòu)。Note:回答問句時(shí)通常用Ibelieveso/not的形式。
27.besides用法:表示除……之外還有,包含在一個(gè)整體之中。Note:還可以用作副詞,表示此外,要用逗號(hào)隔開。
28.beyond用法:表示越過、在另一邊,如:beyondthewood/bridge.
Note:可以用于引申含義,表示超出……,如:beyondcontrol/power/description.29.bit用法:與alittle一樣可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞,形容詞或副詞。Note:修飾名詞時(shí)要用abitof;notabit表示一點(diǎn)也不。30.blame用法:take/beartheblame;blamesth.on.sb.
Note:表示應(yīng)受到責(zé)怪時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如:Heistoblame.31.blow用法:blowdown/away
Note:表示風(fēng)刮得很大時(shí)要用blowhard.
32.boil用法:boiling表示沸騰的;boiled表示煮過的。Note:boilingpoint可以表示沸點(diǎn)。
33.borrow用法:borrow表示借入:lend表示借出。Note:點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,不能表示借的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短。
34.breath用法:holdone’sbreath;outofbreath;saveone’sbreathNote:takeabreath表示深吸一口氣;takebreath表示喘口氣。
35.burn用法:burndown/up/one’shand
Note:burning表示點(diǎn)著的;burnt表示燒壞的。
36.business用法:onbusiness表示出差;in/outofbusiness表示開/關(guān)張。Note:表示商業(yè)時(shí)不可數(shù),表示具體的行業(yè)時(shí)可數(shù)。37.busy用法:bebusywith/doing.
Note:不能說(shuō)Myworkisbusy.應(yīng)說(shuō)Iambusywithmywork.38.buy用法:buysth.for5dollars;buysth.forsb.
Note:點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,不能表示買的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短。
39.but用法:not…but..butfornextbutone,havenochoicebutodosth.,allbut幾乎,差一點(diǎn)Note:donothingbutdosth.nothing前有do,后面的to要省略。Notonly…butalso…引導(dǎo)的并列句,前倒后不倒。cannothelp/choosebutdosth.不能不,只能
40.by用法:byaccident,byair/sea/train,byandby,byfar,byforce,bymistake,bychance,bytheway
Note:bywayof取道,經(jīng)由。byreasonof由于。by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般句子用完成時(shí)態(tài)。41.care用法:takecareof;withcare;carefor/about
Note:careabout表示在乎,常用于否定句;carefor表示關(guān)心,喜愛,常用于肯定句。42.carry用法:carry表示搬運(yùn);carryon表示進(jìn)行;堅(jiān)持下去;carryout表示執(zhí)行。Note:carry沒有方向性,可以表示隨身攜帶。
43.case用法:incase;incaseof;inanycase;inthis/thatcase
Note:incase后面的狀語(yǔ)從句可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即incasesb.shoulddo的形式。44.catch用法:catchthethief;catchfire;catchacold;catchupwithNote:becaught表示陷入困境,如:Hewascaughtintherain.
45.cattle用法:集合名詞,動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Cattleareraisedhere.Note:一頭?梢杂胊headofcattle.注意十頭牛用tenheadofcattle。46.chance用法:bychance;takeachance;thereisachancethat…Note:在chance后面可以用動(dòng)詞不定式或者of的結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)。
47.change用法:changeAforB表示用A換成B;changeAintoB表示把A變成B。Note:表示變化時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞,表示零錢時(shí)不可數(shù)。
48.class用法:集合名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由其表示的意思決定。Note:inclass表示在上課,intheclass表示在班上。
49.close用法:動(dòng)詞表示關(guān)閉;形容詞表示親密的;副詞表示靠近。
Note:close作副詞時(shí)表示距離上的靠近,而另一個(gè)副詞形式closely表示密切地。50.clothes用法:復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),不能加不定冠詞。Note:要用few或many來(lái)修飾。
51.buy用法:buysth.for5dollars;buysth.forsb.Note:點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,不能表示買的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短。
52.but用法:not…but..butfornextbutone,havenochoicebutodosth.,allbut幾乎,差一點(diǎn)Note:donothingbutdosth.nothing前有do,后面的to要省略。Notonly…butalso…引導(dǎo)的并列句,前倒后不倒。cannothelp/choosebutdosth.不能不,只能
53.by用法:byaccident,byair/sea/train,byandby,byfar,byforce,bymistake,bychance,bytheway
Note:bywayof取道,經(jīng)由。byreasonof由于。by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般句子用完成時(shí)態(tài)。54.call用法:callfor/up/back/in/,callonsb.todosth.,pay/makeacallonsb.givesb.acall,oncall
Note:callat后面跟地點(diǎn);callon后面跟人。
55.care用法:takecareof;withcare;carefor/about
Note:careabout表示在乎,常用于否定句;carefor表示關(guān)心,喜愛,常用于肯定句。56.carry用法:carry表示搬運(yùn);carryon表示進(jìn)行;堅(jiān)持下去;carryout表示執(zhí)行。Note:carry沒有方向性,可以表示隨身攜帶。
57.case用法:incase;incaseof;inanycase;inthis/thatcase
Note:incase后面的狀語(yǔ)從句可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即incasesb.shoulddo的形式。58.catch用法:catchthethief;catchfire;catchacold;catchupwith,catchsb.doingsth.Note:becaught表示陷入困境,如:Hewascaughtintherain.
59.cattle用法:集合名詞,動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Cattleareraisedhere.Note:一頭?梢杂胊headofcattle.注意十頭牛用tenheadofcattle。60.chance用法:bychance;takeachance;thereisachancethat…
Note:在chance后面可以用動(dòng)詞不定式或者of的結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)。
61.change用法:changeAforB表示用A換成B;changeAintoB表示把A變成B。Note:表示變化時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞,表示零錢時(shí)不可數(shù)。
62.charge用法:chargesb.with(doing)sth.that…,chargesb.todosth.chargesb.for$Note:inchargeof負(fù)責(zé);inthechargeof由某人負(fù)責(zé)(表示的是被動(dòng)的)。63.class用法:集合名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由其表示的意思決定。
Note:inclass表示在上課,intheclass表示在班上。
64.clear用法:clearaway,clearoff,makeclear,itisclearthat…
Note:clearup及物時(shí)表示“澄清,整理,收拾”;不及物表示“晴朗起來(lái),開朗起來(lái)”。65.close用法:動(dòng)詞表示關(guān)閉;形容詞表示親密的;副詞表示靠近。
Note:close作副詞時(shí)表示距離上的靠近,而另一個(gè)副詞形式closely表示密切地。66.clothes用法:復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),不能加不定冠詞。Note:要用few或many來(lái)修飾。
67.collect用法:collectstamps;collectone’schildfromschoolNote:acollectphone表示對(duì)方付費(fèi)的電話。
68.come用法:表示到說(shuō)話者所處的地方來(lái)。常見短語(yǔ)有:cometo,comeabout,comeacross,comeout,cometoanend,comedown,comeup,comeintobeing/exist/force/effect等。Note:可用作系動(dòng)詞,表示變成,如:Hisdreamscametrue.69.common用法:表示普遍性,如:Smithisacommonname.
Note:commonsense表示常識(shí);incommon表示共同點(diǎn)。70.compare用法:compare…with…表示把……與……作比較;compare…to…表示把……比作……。
Note:用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),二者都可以表示比較,如:Comparedwith/tootherwomen,shewasverylucky.
71.consider用法:considerdoingsth./whattodo/that...,considersb.sth.6123結(jié)構(gòu)
Note:該詞直接跟賓語(yǔ)用動(dòng)名詞但可以用不定式作賓補(bǔ);considering引導(dǎo)短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),表示“考慮到”
72.condition用法:表示生活、工作等的條件或狀況。Note:onconditionthat表示只要,條件狀語(yǔ)從句。73.content用法:becontentwith/todo
Note:表語(yǔ)性形容詞,在句中只能作表語(yǔ),不能作定語(yǔ)。74.cost用法:sth.costsb.somemoney,只能用物作主語(yǔ)。
Note:修飾cost要用副詞high或low.
75.cover用法:becoveredwith表示狀態(tài);becoveredby表示動(dòng)作。Note:反義詞uncover表示揭開蓋子;discover表示發(fā)現(xiàn)。
76.cross用法:crossoff劃掉,crossone’smind,crossout,bearone’scross忍受痛苦Note:作形容詞一般用于becrosswithsb.=beangrywithsb.77.crowd用法:becrowdedwith
Note:集合名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由其表示的意思決定。78.cure用法:curesb.of…
Note:cure強(qiáng)調(diào)治愈,表示結(jié)果;而treat知表示動(dòng)作。79.cut用法:cutdown/up/off
Note:作名詞時(shí)ashortcut表示捷徑。
80.damage用法:dodamagetosb.=dosb.harm
Note:表示損害的時(shí)候不可數(shù),復(fù)數(shù)形式可以表示賠償費(fèi)。81.danger用法:indanger表示處于危險(xiǎn)的境地。
Note:表示一般概念時(shí)不可數(shù),表示具體危險(xiǎn)時(shí)可數(shù)。
82.dare用法:作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般用于否定句,疑問句或者條件狀語(yǔ)從句;作為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后跟不定式。Note:Idaresaythat….意為:我猜測(cè),可能,或許。83.dark用法:before/afterdark;inthedarkNote:可以表示深色的,如:darkblue.
84.deal用法:agreat/gooddealof修飾不可數(shù)名詞。Note:作動(dòng)詞時(shí)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)dealwith,常與副詞how搭配。
85.defeat用法:及物動(dòng)詞,后面的賓語(yǔ)是國(guó)家,隊(duì),軍隊(duì)等名詞。Note:不能用人作賓語(yǔ)。
86.demand用法:demandtodo;demandthat…,demandofsb.todosth.
Note:后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。即:demandthatsb.(should)do的形式。87.depend用法:dependonsb./sth./one’sdoingsth./todosth.Note:depend不及物動(dòng)詞,常和on連用。意為“依靠,信賴”88.desert用法:名詞表示沙漠;動(dòng)詞表示拋棄。
Note:可以用過去分詞作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ),表示廢棄的,如:adesertedhouse.89.determine用法:determinetodo;determinesb.todo
Note:過去分詞表示有決心的,可以說(shuō)bedeterminedtodosth.決心做…(表示狀態(tài))90.devote用法:devoteoneselfto;bedevotedto
Note:與devote搭配的to是介詞,后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。如:Hiswholelifewasdevotedtoteaching.
91.die用法:dieof/from/for/out/away
Note:點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,不與for引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
92.difficulty用法:havedifficultywith;havedifficultieswithsth.;havedifficultyindoingsth.;Note:表示一般概念時(shí)不可數(shù),表示具體困難時(shí)可數(shù)。93.disagree用法:disagreewithsb.
Note:disagree雖然在形式上有否定前綴,但并不是個(gè)否定詞。注意它的反義問句形式:Hedisagreedwithyou,didn’the?
94.distance用法:inthedistance;atadistance
Note:可用于引申含義,表示時(shí)間上或情感上的距離。
95.divide用法:divide…into…表示把……分成幾份。強(qiáng)調(diào)分成等份。Note:可以表示除法,如:Ninedividedbythreeisthree.
96.do用法:doawaywith,dosb.afaour;doup;dowith.,dowonders,dosb.wrong=dowrongtosb.
Note:主要用作及物動(dòng)詞;不及物時(shí)表示“行”:Ifyouhavenopen,pencilwilldo.97.doubt用法:doubtsb./sth.,beyonddoubt,indoubt,nodoubt,withoutadoubt
Note:主句是否定句時(shí)賓語(yǔ)用that引導(dǎo);主句是肯定句時(shí)賓語(yǔ)用whether/if引導(dǎo)。98.downtown用法:副詞,前面不加介詞,如:godowntown.Note:可用作定語(yǔ),如:adowntownstreet.99.draw用法:drawapicture/thecurtain
Note:引申含義表示得出,如:drawaconclusion/lesson.100.dream用法:dreamof/about/that…Note:可用同源詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ):dreamadream.
擴(kuò)展閱讀:人教版高中英語(yǔ)選修六知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
Unit1I詞匯及結(jié)構(gòu)
1.wouldratherdosth情愿做.
wouldrathersbdidsth情愿sb做
情愿做.而不愿意做:wouldratherdosththandosth=woulddosthratherthandosth
=prefertodosthratherthandosth=preferdoingsthtodoingsth
Iwouldratherstayathometoday.我今天寧愿待在家里。Iwouldratheryoucameheretomorrow.我寧愿你明天來(lái)。
Iwouldratheryouhadnttoldmeaboutityesterday.我寧愿你昨天沒有告訴我關(guān)于它。2.faithn.信任,信仰breakone"sfaithwithsb.對(duì)某人不守信用
keepfaithwith忠于信仰;守信
Ikeptfaithwithhim.我信守了對(duì)他的諾言。
Hewholosesfaith,losesall.失去信心的人,失去所有。havefaithin相信,信任
ingoodfaith老實(shí)地;誠(chéng)懇地faithfuladj.忠誠(chéng)的,可靠的
3.AstherearesomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itwouldbeimpossibletodescribealloftheminsuchashorttext.
so+adj+a(an)+(單數(shù)可數(shù))(+that)somany/few+n(復(fù)數(shù))(+that)somuch/little(不可數(shù))(+that)such+adj.+n.(不可數(shù))/n(復(fù)數(shù))
eg.1)Thebookis________interestingthatIwanttoreaditagain.
2)Itwas________acolddaythattheiceintheriverwasnearlytwofeetthick.3)Itwas_______coldadaythattheiceintheriverwasnearlytwofeetthick.4)Thereare_______manymistakesinyourcompositionthatIcantunderstandit.
5)Hehasmade________rapidprogressthathegotthefirstintheexam.
6)_______thatMaricwasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.(07陜西)A.SosuccessfulherbusinesswasB.SosuccessfulwasherbusinessC.SoherbusinesswassuccessfulD.SowashersuccessfulbusinessB
4.consequentlyadv.所以,因此
Ioversleptand____Iwaslateforwork.我睡過頭了,所以我上班遲到了。MrFosterhasneverbeentoChina.Consequently,heknowsverylittleaboutit.福斯特先生從未去過中國(guó),所以對(duì)中國(guó)了解得很少。Itrainedthatdayand___thebaseballgamewascalledoff.A.howeverB.stillC.soD.consequentlyD
consequentadj.作為結(jié)果的,隨之發(fā)生的asaconsequence/result=inconsequence=soShewasfoundguilty,andlostherjobinconsequence(ofit).她被判有罪,因而失去了工作consequencen.結(jié)果
asaconsequence/resultof=becauseof5.aim1)n.
1(C)目標(biāo)○
withoutaim無(wú)目的的/無(wú)目標(biāo)的achieveonesaim
missone’saim打不中目標(biāo)2(U)對(duì)準(zhǔn),瞄準(zhǔn)takeaimat○
Thehuntertookaimatthelion
sb/sth’saimistodo的目標(biāo)是.
Whatisyouraiminlife?你生活的目的是什么?Thegovernorsaimistoincreasecitizensincome.2)v.
1(以槍等)對(duì)準(zhǔn),瞄準(zhǔn)aimat○
takeaimatthetarget=aimatthetarget瞄準(zhǔn)靶子
Thefactorymustaimatincreasingitsquality.他用槍瞄準(zhǔn)老虎并開火,但沒打中Heaimedhisgunatthetiger,firedbutmissedit.aimlessa.無(wú)目標(biāo)的,無(wú)目的的Sheledanaimlesslife.
2打算,計(jì)劃,以為目標(biāo),立志做○
aimatdoing=aimtodo瞄準(zhǔn),力求做到,力爭(zhēng)達(dá)到Harryaimsatbecomingadoctor.or:Harryaimstobecomeadoctor.
6.typicaladj.典型的;具有代表性的;象征性的(representative)atypicalcharacter典型人物typicalexample典型事例
Heisatypicalpupil;heislikemostoftheotherpupils.他是一個(gè)有代表性的學(xué)生,他和大多數(shù)其他學(xué)生一樣。adj.evident明白的,明顯的(apparent)n.evidence證據(jù);證明
Theapplausemadeitevidentthattheplaywasahit.掌聲顯然表明該劇是成功的。Itisevident(obvious)(tosb)that…..
It"sevidentthatyouaretired.顯然你累了。inevidence=evident明顯的
7.realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的,逼真的,現(xiàn)實(shí)的inamorerealisticway以一種更逼真的形式realism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義idealismrealist現(xiàn)實(shí)主義terrorism恐怖主義terrorist恐怖分子SocialismSocialist
realadj.真的realizev.實(shí)現(xiàn)
8.DuringtheRenaissance,newideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedthoseheldintheMiddleAges.
holdIdeas/value持有的觀點(diǎn)/價(jià)值觀Iholdtheviewthattheplancantwork.adoptvt.
1).采取;采納;吸收
Aftermuchdeliberation,thepresidentdecidedtoadopthersuggestion.再三考慮之后,我決定采納她的建議。
2).過繼,收養(yǎng)[(+as)]
Mr.Kernadoptedtheorphanashisownson.克恩先生將那孤兒收養(yǎng)為自己的兒子。3).正式通過,接受
Theagendawasadoptedaftersomediscussion.經(jīng)過討論,議事日程獲得通過。adoptedadj.被收養(yǎng)的,被采用的adoptedchild
11.possess用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。有多種不同的含義:1)“有,擁有”。如:
Thelibrarypossessesanumberoftheartistsearlyworks.圖書館里藏有那位畫家的一些早期作品。2)“具有的特質(zhì)”。常見搭配有bepossessedofsth,意為“具有某種品質(zhì)或特征”。如:Imafraidhedoesntpossessasenseofhumor.恐怕他沒有什么幽默感。Heispossessedofgreatnaturalability.他很有天賦。3)“支配,控制”。如:
Hewaspossessedbythedesiretoberich.[n].possession
1【c】財(cái)產(chǎn),所有物(常用復(fù)數(shù))○
Theringisoneofhermostvaluablepossessions.這只戒指是他最珍貴的財(cái)產(chǎn)之一。personalpossessions個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)
Helostallhispossessionsinthefire.2【u】占有,擁有○
takepossessionof占領(lǐng),奪取comeintopossessionof占有
inpossessionof(表主動(dòng))占有
inthepossessionof(表被動(dòng))被占有Heisin~ofthehouse.他擁有這套房子。
Thehouseisinthe~ofhim.這套房子在他的占有之下。--Doestheyoungmanstandingthere_____thecompany?--No.Thecompanyis_____hisfather.A.have~of;in~ofB.in~of;inthe~ofC.take~of;inthe~ofD.have~of;in~of
9.convince
convincesb.todosth=convincesbofsth.說(shuō)服某人做Convincesbthat使某人確信某事
Heconvincedmeofhissincerity.他使我確信他的真誠(chéng)。Iwasconvincedthathewassincere.
Yourmistakesconvincedmethatyouhadntstudiedyourlesson.你的錯(cuò)誤使我確信你沒有學(xué)習(xí)功課。convincevt.“使確信;使信服”convincesb.ofsth./that...
Scientistsareconvinced_____thepossibleeffectoflaughter_____physicalandmentalhealth.A.of;atB.by;inC.of;onD.on;atbycoincidence碰巧,由于巧合
whatacoincidence!多么湊巧的事情。
Whatacoincidencetomeetyouhere.真巧在這兒碰到你。Imethimbycoincidence.Ididntknowhewashere.10.agreat/gooddeal大量;大量
Eversincethereformandopening,Chinahaschangedagreatdeal.(adv.修飾v.)
Agreatdealhasbeenstudiedandthisisconsideredthebestwaytosolvethedifficultproblem.(n.)Heranagreatdealfasterthanme.(修飾比較級(jí))agreat/gooddealof為adj,修飾[U]
Agreatdealofmoneywasspentontheproject.那個(gè)項(xiàng)目花費(fèi)了大量金錢。1)修飾可數(shù)名詞:manyafew
agood/greatmany
Agreatmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltalongthestreet.alarge/big/great//smallnumberofManya+單數(shù)名詞
Morethanone+單數(shù)名詞2)修飾不可數(shù)名詞:much
agood/greatdealof
alargeamountof(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))largeamountsof(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))3)修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞alotof/lotsofplentyof
alargequantityof(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))largequantitiesof(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))練習(xí):
1.____thestudentsinourschoolgotocollegeintheirteens.AgoodmanyB.AgreatmanyofC.AgreatdealofD.Alotof
2.Heis____betternow.Dontworryabouthim.A.moreB.agreatdealof
C.anumberofD.agreatdeal13.Theimpressionistswerethefirstartiststopaintoutdoors.Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheclassroom.
10.attemptv.嘗試,企圖v.①企圖,試圖;努力
②試圖,嘗試:努力去執(zhí)行,做或完成attemptdoing反復(fù)嘗試做attempttodo企圖做
attempttodo/doing=trytodo/doing
Thesecondquestionwassodifficult;Ididntevenattemptit.第二道題太難了,我連試都沒試。Iattemptedtospeakbutwastoldtobequiet.我想開口說(shuō)幾句,但有人叫我別做聲。Iattemptedtoreadtheentirenovelinonesitting.
Weattemptedthedifficultmaneuverwithoutassistance.
1企圖或努力○2襲擊;攻擊n.○
anattemptonsomeone"slife.對(duì)某人生命的攻擊
Shellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherbiologyexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirst_________.
A)intentionB)attemptC)purposeD)desire
makeanattempttodosthatdoingsth
Shemadeanattempttocookthedinner.她試著做這頓飯。Theprisonermadeanattempttoescape/atescapingbutfailed.atone’sattempt在sb嘗試下one’sfirstattempt初次嘗試練習(xí):
1)他試圖行走直到摔倒。
He______________________________2)他參加過考試,可是失敗了。
He________________________butfailed.3)我企圖說(shuō)話,可是有人要我安靜點(diǎn)。I________________butwastoldtobequiet.attemptedwalkinguntilhefellover.attemptedtheexaminationattemptedtospeak
18.Ontheotherhand
另一方面,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞。常與ononehand連用。Ononehandontheotherhand一方面另一方面
Thisjobisnotwellpaid,butontheotherhand,Idonthavetoworklonghours.Ononehand,Ineedacomputer,butontheotherhand,Idonthaveenoughmoney.Athand在手邊,在附近Byhand用手的,手工的
Gohandinhandwith與共同行動(dòng)19.Predict
1)v.預(yù)言,預(yù)測(cè)后面加名詞做賓語(yǔ)或接that從句/wh-從句。Nobodycanpredictwhatwillhappeninthefuture.
Itisstillnotpossibletoaccuratelypredicttheoccurrenceofearthquakes.現(xiàn)在還不可能準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)地震的發(fā)生。2)n.Prediction預(yù)言,預(yù)測(cè)Herpredictionturnedouttobecorrect.她的預(yù)言證明是正確的。20.Specific明確的,詳盡的,具體的,特有的
Canyoubeabitmorespecificwhenyoutalkaboutyourplan?當(dāng)你談及你的計(jì)劃時(shí),你能說(shuō)的再具體點(diǎn)嗎?Eachorganinourbodyhasitsspecificfunction.我們體內(nèi)的每個(gè)器官都有自己獨(dú)特的作用。
Thiskindofdiseaseisspecifictohouses.這種病只有馬才會(huì)得。21.figure
1)外形;體形;人影Isawafigureinthedarkness.2)體態(tài);風(fēng)姿Shehasaslenderfigure.
3)人物;名人Hehasbecomeafigureknowntoeveryone.4)數(shù)字Wheredidyougetthosefigures?5)Hisworknowcommandshugefigures.22.delicate
Heisadelicatechild.纖弱的,嬌弱的,瘦弱的
Becarefulwiththosewinecupstheyareverydelicate.容易的
InsuchadelicatesituationIhavetoweighmywords.需要小心處理的;微妙的;棘手的在這樣微妙的情形下,我必須權(quán)衡一下我的話。Whatadelicateworkofart!精妙的delicatechina.精美的瓷器
23.1)aggressiveadj.敢作敢為的;有闖勁的;侵略性的;好斗的Heisveryaggressive.他生性好斗。
WeregardedtheIraqWarasanaggressiveone.我們認(rèn)為伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是侵略戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。anaggressivesalesman一干勁很大的售貨員aggressiveweapons攻擊性武器2)aggressivelyadv.氣勢(shì)洶洶地
3)aggressionn.侵略(行動(dòng))aggressorn.侵略者練習(xí):
Ifyouwanttobecomeasuccessfulbusinessman,youmust_____________.如果你想做一個(gè)成功的商人,你必須積極進(jìn)取。
_______________mustbedestroyed.必須要銷毀攻擊性的武器。beaggressiveAggressivearms
24.Intheflesh活生生,本人,親自Fleshn.肌肉;肉
HaveyoueverseenJayChouintheflesh?你見過周杰倫本人嗎?
Hewouldn’tbelieveuntilhesawintheflesh他直到親眼目睹才相信。Fleshandblood肉體,血肉之軀
Thoughheisahero,heisstillfleshandblood.Loseflesh減肥
Gain/putonflesh增肥Flesh-eating食肉的25.preference-prefer
1)更加的喜愛,偏愛[U][C][(+for)]Awindowseatismypreference.我喜歡靠窗的座位。Wedresssimplybypreference.首先,最好2)偏愛的事物(或人)[C]
Whichisyourpreference,teaorcoffee?你喜歡喝哪一樣,茶還是咖啡?3)偏袒[U][(+for)]
Parentsshouldnotshowpreferenceforanyoneoftheirchildren.父母不應(yīng)流露出對(duì)任何一個(gè)孩子的偏心。
4)優(yōu)先(權(quán));優(yōu)惠權(quán)[U][C]inpreferenceto優(yōu)先于Haveapreferencefor偏愛
Ihaveapreferenceforclassicmusic.我更喜歡古典音樂。Wehadapreferenceforsweetfood.我們特別喜歡吃甜食.inpreferenceto優(yōu)先于
Idchoosethesmallcarinpreferencetothelargerone.我寧可選擇那輛小的汽車而不要那輛大的。
Shechosetolearntheviolininpreferencetothepiano.她愿學(xué)小提琴而不學(xué)鋼琴.26.Appeal
vi.1)呼吁,懇求appealtosbforsth.Heappealedtomeforhelp.2)訴諸,求助[(+to)]
Wewillappealtoavarietyofsourcesofinformation.3)有吸引力,迎合愛好[W][(+to)]TheideaappealedtoMary.4)【律】上訴[(+to/against)]
Heappealedagainstthefive-yearsentencehehadbeengiven.27.fragileadj.精細(xì)的;易碎的;脆弱的;
Ashebrokeupwithhisgirlfriend,hisheartwasfragile.由于他同女朋友分手了,他的心很脆弱。Reputationn.
1名譽(yù),名聲[(+for)]○
Thestorehasanexcellentreputationforfairdealing.該店買賣公平,聲譽(yù)極佳。Hehasareputationforcheatingintheexam.他以考試作弊而享有盛名。haveareputation享有盛名2好名聲,聲望;信譽(yù)○
Thisrestauranthasafinereputation.這家餐廳信譽(yù)很好。
Cheatingatthegameruinedthatplayer‘sreputation.比賽時(shí)作弊敗壞了那位選手的聲望。liveuptoone’sreputation不負(fù)盛名loseone’sreputation失去盛名;
winahighreputation贏得很高的聲譽(yù)
Youmustliveuptoyourpromise.你必須實(shí)踐自己的諾言。
Theyarealwaysexhortedtodeliverresultsandtoliveuptotheirparents"highexpectations他們無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)刻被提醒要考取好成績(jī),實(shí)現(xiàn)父母對(duì)他們的高度期望。28.、Themuseumdisplaysmorethanjustthevisualdelightsofart.博物館展示的不僅僅是視覺上的樂趣。morethan+名詞意為“不僅僅”,morethanjust相當(dāng)于notonly,notjust的意思。如:Jasonismorethanalecturer;heisawriter,too.詹森不僅是一名講師,他還是一個(gè)作家。Modernscienceismorethanalargeamountofinformation.現(xiàn)代科學(xué)不僅僅是大量的信息。1)morethan+數(shù)詞,意為“超過”相當(dāng)于over,其反義詞組為lessthan。如Therearemorethantwohundredpeopleinthepark.公園里有200多人。2)“morethan+形容詞/副詞”是“很”或“非!钡囊馑肌H纾篒ammorethancontentwithwhatyousaid.我對(duì)你的講話十分滿意。Shewasdressedmorethansimply.她穿著太樸素了。
3)在“more...than...”結(jié)構(gòu)中,肯定“more”后面的內(nèi)容而否定“than”后面的部分,常譯為“是而不是”或“與其說(shuō)不如說(shuō)”。如:Hearingtheloudnoise,theboywasmoresurprisedthanfrightened.聽到這巨大的聲響,男孩與其說(shuō)是害怕不如說(shuō)是感到很驚訝。句型:
1.TheImpressionistswere_________________________________.印象派畫家是第一批室外寫景的畫家。(P2)
序數(shù)詞thefirst/thesecond/thelast(+sb.)+todo是一種常見結(jié)構(gòu),表示“最早、第二、最后做某事的人”,其中的不定式作后置定語(yǔ);如果主語(yǔ)和不定式之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系,不定式應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
Mymonitorisalwaysthefirsttocometoschoolandthelasttoleave.我的班長(zhǎng)總是第一個(gè)到校、最后一個(gè)離開。
Totellthetruth,hewasthelastpersontobemetwithbythemanager.說(shuō)實(shí)話,他是最后一個(gè)被經(jīng)理接見的人。
ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.她是在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上第一個(gè)獲得金牌的女選手。
2.__________________somanygreatworksofartfromthelate19thcenturyto21stcenturyarehousedinthesamemuseum.令人吃驚的是,在同一家博物館里竟能容納下19世紀(jì)后期到21世紀(jì)的如此眾多的名家巨作。Itisamazing/surprising/astonishing/shockingthat...是一種常見句型,表示“……令人吃驚、震驚、驚訝等”,其中it是形式主語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作句子的真正主語(yǔ)。這種句型可以用toone"samazement/surprise/astonishment/shock這些短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)來(lái)改寫。
Itissurprisingthatchildrenwhoaresevenyearsolddon"tknowhowtobrushone"steeth.令人吃驚的是,七歲的孩子還不知道怎么刷牙
Toourshock,theterroristexplosioncausedoveronehundreddeaths.令我們震驚的是,這次恐怖爆炸造成了一百多人死亡。
語(yǔ)法:虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件句、其它句型中
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)從句用過去時(shí)(did/were),主句用would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Howniceit________ifI________asisterlikeyou!
A.was;hadB.wouldbe;hadhadC.wouldhavebeen;hadD.wouldbe;had【解析】題干表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的內(nèi)容,根據(jù)規(guī)則選D項(xiàng)
2.與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)從句用過去完成時(shí)(haddone),主句用would/should/could/might+havedone
Wereyouintimeforthelecture?
IfI________toldearlier,Iwouldhave.
A.hadbeenB.wasC.weretobeD.shouldbe
選A。由問句看出與過去事實(shí)相反,因而從句中使用過去完成時(shí)。
3.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反時(shí),從句中可用三種形式,即動(dòng)詞的過去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/wereto+動(dòng)詞原形。
Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit________breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.
A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might
分析:后一句實(shí)際上使用了與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,從句中使用should表示“假如;萬(wàn)一”
________fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube
【解析】前一分句實(shí)際上使用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反從句中使用Ifyoushouldbefired,可以省略if而把should提前到主語(yǔ)之前。
4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句:條件句和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致,主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)要根據(jù)各自不同的時(shí)間選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式。
5.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于含蓄條件句:句中沒有條件從句,其內(nèi)容暗含在短語(yǔ)或上下文中。
ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I________thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.
A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewonbutfor(要不是)引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),句子的謂語(yǔ)部分常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反,因而使用“would
6.wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中:與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)用were或動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí);與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)用had+過去分詞;與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反時(shí)用would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。HowIwisheveryfamily________alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad
wish后的從句如果表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞的過去形式。
7.在suggest,order,insist,demand,require,desire,command,request,recommend等表示建議、命令、要求、愿望的詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中;在與suggestion,order,request,advice,demand等有關(guān)的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中;以及在It+be+suggested/ordered/requested/insisted/desired/requiredthat...句型中用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。
Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou________swimaftereatingalargemeal.A.wouldn"tB.couldn"tC.needn"tD.shouldn"t
recommend表示“建議”時(shí),其后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。
.Hissuggestionisthattheharvest________inbeforetherainyseasoncomes.A.getB.shouldgetC.begotD.willbegot
suggestion之后的that從句是表語(yǔ)從句,其中謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should省略。8.在It"s(high)timethat...句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)或should+動(dòng)詞原形(should不能省略),表示“早就該”
It"snouseenvyingotherstheirsuccess.It"stimethatyou________hard.A.mustworkB.weretoworkC.workD.workedIt"stimethat...句型中使用動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)
9.asif/asthough(好像,似乎)之后的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中;ifonly句型表示“要是……多好啊”中,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí);與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)用had+過去分詞;與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反時(shí)用should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。
Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit________.
A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
Unit2
詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu):
1.conveyv.傳達(dá);運(yùn)送
Otherstryto________certainemotions.而有些詩(shī)則是為了傳達(dá)某種情感的。(P10)Pleaseconveymybestwishestoher.請(qǐng)代我向她表示最良好的祝愿。(朗文P413)convey...to...把運(yùn)到
convey...tosb.向某人傳達(dá)/表達(dá)(思想、感情等)conveyone"sfeelings表達(dá)感情
2.transformv.轉(zhuǎn)化;轉(zhuǎn)換;改造;變換
Gettingthatnewjobhascompletelytransformedher.她得到了那份新工作以后,人全變了。(朗文P1871)Inonly20yearsthecountryhasbeentransformedintoanadvancedindustrialpower.這個(gè)國(guó)家只用了20年時(shí)間就變成了一個(gè)先進(jìn)的工業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)。(朗文P1871)transform...into把某人/物改變成transform...from從中轉(zhuǎn)變、轉(zhuǎn)化3.appropriateadj.適當(dāng)?shù);正?dāng)?shù)?/p>
Matchthebeginningofeachsentencewiththe___________ending.Yourclothesarehardlyappropriateforajobinterview.你的服裝不太適合求職面試時(shí)穿。(朗文P76)
Itisappropriatethathe(should)makeanapologytous.他向我們道歉是合適的。(文馨P87)
Thehouseisnotreallysuitableforalargefamily.這所房子確實(shí)不適合大家庭居住。beappropriateto/for...對(duì)適合;適宜
Itisappropriate/properthat...(should)do...是合適的besuitablefor/to...適合的;適宜的befitfor...適合;勝任
注意appropriate指適合于特殊的人及場(chǎng)合、地位等;suitable指適合某種情況或安排;fit指大小適合或勝任某職位;appropriate等于veryproper。4.exchangen./v.交換;交流;調(diào)換;兌換
Iftherehadnotbeenan__________programme,hewouldnothavefoundasponsortohelphimstudyabroad.
要是沒有一個(gè)交流項(xiàng)目的話,他就不可能找到贊助者幫助他到國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。(P13)Hegavemeanappleinexchangeforapieceofcake.他給我一個(gè)蘋果,來(lái)?yè)Q我的一塊蛋糕。(朗文P589)IexchangedseatswithBill.我和比爾換了座位。(朗文P589)exchangesth.forsth.拿交換exchangesth.withsb.與某人交換某物
exchangemoney兌換錢幣inexchangefor...交換;調(diào)換doanexchange作一下交換culturalexchange文化交流
exchangerate/programme匯率/交流項(xiàng)目
5.sponsorn.贊助人;主辦者;倡議者v.發(fā)起;舉辦;倡議;贊助Thebaseballmatchisbeingsponsoredbyacigarettecompany.棒球賽是由一家煙草公司贊助舉行的。(朗文P1702)
IfI"mgoingtogoandliveintheUS,ImustgetanAmericansponsor.如果我去美國(guó)并在那里居住,必須有美國(guó)人作擔(dān)保。(朗文P1701)sponsorthecelebration主辦慶祝會(huì)sponsorsb.資助某人sponsoraplan倡議計(jì)劃
becomeone"ssponsor成為某人的贊助人/擔(dān)保人6.loadn.負(fù)擔(dān);負(fù)荷物v.裝載;給負(fù)荷Thegoodnewshastakenaloadoffmymind.這好消息使我如釋重負(fù)。(文馨P1098)
Supportingherfamilyhasbeenaheavyloadforher.養(yǎng)家對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)是很大的負(fù)擔(dān)。(文馨P1098)
takealoadoffone"smind使卸下心上重負(fù);使某人如釋重負(fù)havealoadonone"smind放心不下carryaheavyload負(fù)重載loadsof=aloadof許多
7.takeit/thingseasy輕松;不緊張;從容Justtakeiteasyandtelluswhathappened.別急,告訴我們發(fā)生了什么事。(朗文P597)
There"snoneedtorushbackjusttakeyourtime.不要急著趕回來(lái),慢慢來(lái)吧。(朗文P2103)takeone"stime別著急,慢慢來(lái)takesb./sth.seriously認(rèn)真對(duì)待某人/事
take...forgranted對(duì)想當(dāng)然,認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然8.runoutof用完,用盡
Thetruckhasrunoutofgasagain.卡車的油又用完了。(朗文P1731)Oursuppliessoonranout.
我們的補(bǔ)給很快就耗盡了。(朗文P1731)runout用完,耗盡
giveout(物)用完,耗盡;(人)筋疲力盡;發(fā)出;分發(fā);宣布useup用完;用光
runout=giveout是不及物短語(yǔ),通常以物作主語(yǔ);runoutof=useup是及物短語(yǔ),多以人作主語(yǔ)9.makeupof構(gòu)成,組成(用于被動(dòng))
AnothersimpleformofpoemthatstudentscaneasilywriteisapoemmadeupoffivelinesWomenmakeuponly30%oftheworkers.女性占勞動(dòng)力的30%。(朗文P1189)
I"mtryingtomakeupforthetimelostwhileIwasaway.我正在設(shè)法彌補(bǔ)我不在期間耽誤的時(shí)間。(朗文P1189)Wedidn"tmakeittothepartyintheend.我們最終還是沒能參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)。(朗文P1187)bemadeoutof由制成;用改造而成makeup組成;編造;化妝makeupfor彌補(bǔ)bemadeof/from由制成bemadeinto把制成bemadein(某物)產(chǎn)于某地makeit獲得成功;準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)makeout看清;分清;辨認(rèn)清楚makethebed整理床鋪10.tryout測(cè)試;試驗(yàn)
IthinkIwill__________hiswaytoosometime.我想將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)候也嘗試一下他的方法。(P15)
Theideasoundsfine,butweneedtotryitoutinpractice.這個(gè)主意聽起來(lái)不錯(cuò),但我們要在實(shí)踐中試驗(yàn)一下。(朗文P1887)Theywereletoutofprisonlastweek.他們上周從監(jiān)獄里放出來(lái)了。(朗文P1000)
Iamcountingonyoutosupportme;don"tletmedown.tryoutfor...參加競(jìng)爭(zhēng)tryon試穿tryone"sbest盡力tryone"sluck試試運(yùn)氣
tryone"sskill/strength考驗(yàn)自己的技術(shù)/體力letout發(fā)出;放走;泄露;加寬;加大衣服letin讓進(jìn)來(lái);放進(jìn)letdown放下;使失望
letoff開(槍);放(煙火);釋放;讓某人下車句型
1.Therearevarious_______________peoplewritepoetry.人們寫詩(shī)有著各種各樣的理由。(P10)用法:...reason(s)why意為“的原因”,why等于forwhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞reason。reason后也可以接that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ);that也可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,說(shuō)明reason的內(nèi)容。
Thereasonwhyhediedyoungwashisinattentiontohealth.他英年早逝的原因是他不注意自己的健康。
Idon"tknowthereasonwhyhefailedthefinalchemistryexam.我不知道他期末化學(xué)考試不及格的原因。Wedon"tbelievethereasonthatyougaveus.我們不相信你給我們的理由。
Wearenotgoingforthesimplereasonthatwecan"taffordit.我們不去的理由很簡(jiǎn)單,我們負(fù)擔(dān)不起!緦(duì)比】下列句型:
Thisiswhy...這就是的原因。(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)Thisisbecause...這是因?yàn)椤?強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)
Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...(的原因是)句型中,一般用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,而不用because。單項(xiàng)填空
(1)Hedidn"tgobybikewithme.That"s________therewassomethingwrongwithhisbike.A.becauseB.whyC.howD.whenA2.
wanttowritepoemsoftheirown.
有了這么多可供選擇的詩(shī)歌類型,學(xué)生們最終也許想自己作詩(shī)了。(P11)
用法:句中with結(jié)構(gòu)表示原因,置于句首,可替換為because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句,即等于“Becausetherearesomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom,”,該結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生,有時(shí)這一結(jié)構(gòu)還可以表示條件。
Withsomuchhomeworktodothisevening,Ican"tgototheconcert.因?yàn)榻裢碛泻芏嘧鳂I(yè)要做,我不能去參加音樂會(huì)。
Withalocalguidetohelpus,wewillhavenodifficultyinfindingthetemple.如果有一名當(dāng)?shù)氐膶?dǎo)游幫助我們,我們找到那座廟宇將不會(huì)有困難。單項(xiàng)填空
(2)Withsomanytoughproblems________,themanagerfeelsalittleworried.A.solveB.solvingC.tosolveD.settled語(yǔ)法:
it用法與強(qiáng)調(diào)句
1.用作形式主語(yǔ),代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或各種從句所表示的真正主語(yǔ)。________worriesmethewayhekeepschanginghismind.A.ThisB.ThatC.WhatD.It
【解析】it代替后面的名詞短語(yǔ)theway...作形式主語(yǔ)。2.作形式賓語(yǔ),代指不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句所表示的真正賓語(yǔ)
Hedidn"tmake________clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A.thisB.thatC.itD.these
【解析】it代替后面的whenandwhere從句作形式賓語(yǔ)。
Thechairmanthought________necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A.thatB.itC.thisD.him
【解析】it代替后面的不定式作形式賓語(yǔ)。3.
有hate,dislike,enjoy,appreciate等。
I"dappreciate________ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A.thatB.itC.thisD.you
【解析】it代指后面的if從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。4.
Withsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefromstudentsmayeventually
表示“喜歡、恨”等心理方面的動(dòng)詞,后面接it,然后再跟從句,it代指從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。此類動(dòng)詞
it用來(lái)指代上文提到的事物、情況等
Beingaparentisnotalwayseasy,andbeingtheparentofachildwithspecialneedsoftencarrieswith________extrastress.
A.itB.themC.oneD.him
【解析】it代指beingtheparentofachildwithspecialneeds這一意義。
5.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型:Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+從句。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)可用who/whom代替that,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常只使用that,而不使用when,where,why。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分一般是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、各種狀語(yǔ)。用is還是was取決于原句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的
時(shí)態(tài),如原句是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)各種時(shí)態(tài),用Itis...that...;如原句是過去時(shí)態(tài),則用Itwas...that...。ItwasalongtheMississippiRiver________MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.A.howB.whichC.thatD.where
【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)看出,題干使用的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,因而使用連詞that。6.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)形式:
①?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)句用于not...until結(jié)構(gòu):Itis/was+notuntil...+that+其他部分。②強(qiáng)調(diào)句用于一般疑問句:Is/Was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他部分。
③強(qiáng)調(diào)句用于特殊疑問句:被強(qiáng)調(diào)的通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞,其強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是:疑問詞(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分)+is/was+it+that+其他部分?
Itwasnotuntilmidnight________theyreachedthecampsite.A.thatB.whenC.whileD.a(chǎn)s
【解析】句中強(qiáng)調(diào)了時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)notuntil,連詞使用that。Unit3詞匯:
1.abusen./v.濫用;虐待
Theofficialsarealwaysremindednottoabusetheirpower.官員們總是被提醒不要濫用權(quán)力。
It"sourdutytoprovidehelpfortheabusedchildren.給被虐待的兒童提供幫助是我們的職責(zé)drugabuse吸毒
bebadlyabused被虐待abuseofpower濫用權(quán)力personalabuse人身攻擊
showerabuseonsb.大罵某人
receiveabusivetreatment受到虐待單項(xiàng)填空
(1)Whatareyouworriedabout?
Thefactthatmanychildrenarestillbeing________.
A.managedB.a(chǎn)busedC.questionedD.foundedB2.stressn.壓力;重音v.加壓力于;使緊張Helaidparticularstressontheneedfordiscipline.他特別強(qiáng)調(diào)紀(jì)律的重要性。(朗文P1979)
Shehasbeenunderalotofstresssincehermother"sillness.她自從母親病倒后一直憂心忡忡。(朗文P1979lay/put/placestresson把重點(diǎn)放在上;強(qiáng)調(diào)understress在壓力之下
underthestressof為所迫
inthestressofthemoment一時(shí)緊張
stresstheimportanceof強(qiáng)調(diào)的重要性單項(xiàng)填空
Thingscaneasilygowrongwhenpeopleareunder________.
A.stressB.weightC.loadD.strength3.banv.禁止;取締n.禁令
Doyouthinksmokingshouldbe_________你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該禁止吸煙嗎?(P17)
Aftertheaccident,hewasbannedfromdriving.事故發(fā)生后,他被禁止駕車。(朗文P110)Thereisabanonsmokinginthetheatre.劇場(chǎng)內(nèi)嚴(yán)禁吸煙。bebannedfromdoingsth.被禁止做某事therebeabanon...禁止;禁令declareabanon...宣布禁止putabanon禁止
removethebanon解除對(duì)的禁令underaban受禁止;被查禁4.quitv.停止(做某事);離開
Iwasaddictedinallthreeways,soitwasverydifficultto____.Iwishyouwouldallquitcomplaining.我希望你們都別抱怨了。(朗文P1611)
Hewasgladtobequitofthetroublesomejob.
他很高興能擺脫那個(gè)麻煩的工作。(朗文P1611)quitdoingsth.停止做某事quitoffice/one"sjob離職
quitoneselfofsth.=bequitofsth.擺脫某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事
giveupdoingsth.放棄/停止做某事getridof擺脫
ridoneselfof使自己擺脫
注意quit后接動(dòng)名詞,但不接不定式單項(xiàng)填空
(4)Hedecidedto________thepositionafterquarrelingwiththemanager.A.stopB.blockC.loosenD.quit5.effectn.結(jié)果;效力
WhenIwasyoung,Ididn"tknowmuchabouttheharmful_________ofsmoking.在我年輕的時(shí)候,關(guān)于吸煙的危害我知道得并不多。(P18)Theadvertisingcampaigndidn"thavemucheffectonsales.廣告宣傳對(duì)銷售影響不大。(朗文P548)
TheoldsystemoftaxationwillremainineffectuntilnextMay.舊稅制在明年五月前仍然有效。(朗文P548)haveagood/badeffecton對(duì)……有好/壞的影響beofnoeffect沒效果;無(wú)用takeeffect(法律)生效;(藥)奏效bring/put...intoeffect實(shí)施come/gointoeffect生效
ineffect事實(shí)上;在實(shí)施;生效sideeffect副作用完成句子
Thenewmedicinequickly________(奏效).
Whatateachersaysoften________(很有影響)juniorstudents.6.desperateadj.不顧一切的;絕望的
Ifyoufeel_________,youmightliketotalktoadoctororchemistaboutsomethingtohelpyou.如果你的確沒辦法,你還可以找一個(gè)醫(yī)生或藥劑師來(lái)談?wù)劊瑤湍阆朦c(diǎn)辦法。(P19)Theyweresoldbyfamiliesdesperateformoneytobuyfood.它們是由極需錢來(lái)購(gòu)買食品的家庭出售的。(雙解P551)bedesperatefor極需要;極向往bedesperatetodosth.非常想做某事dosth.desperately拼命地做某事
indesperation絕望地;不顧一切地;拼命地介詞填空
Havingbeenoutofworkforthreeyears,sheisdesperate________work.
Knowinghissonwaslockedintheburninghouse,hekickedthedoor________desperation.7.disappointedadj.失望的;沮喪的
Donotbe_____________ifyouhavetotryseveraltimesbeforeyoufinallystopsmoking.即使你非得經(jīng)過多次戒煙才能最后把它戒掉,你也不要失望。(P19)Shewasdeeplydisappointedabout/atlosingtherace.比賽輸了,她很沮喪。(朗文P484)
Iwasdisappointedtohearthattheyweren"tcoming.聽說(shuō)他們不來(lái)我很失望。(朗文P484)
bedisappointedabout/at/in...對(duì)感到失望bedisappointedtodo做某事失望bedisappointedthat...感到失望bedisappointing令人失望的disappointsb.使某人失望
toone"sdisappointment令人失望的是adisappointment令人失望的人/事運(yùn)用上述詞匯完成下列情景
(9)Today,Iwentdowntownwithseveralofmygoodfriends.However,theweatherwasreally①__________becauseitwasraining.Itoldmyfriendsthatwewouldn"tbe②________.Arrivingatapark,wewere③________tofinditwasnotopentoday.Thenwelefttheparktoanearbyrestaurantforlunch.Toour④________,therestaurantwasclosed,too.Wehadnochoicebutgohome.Whata⑤________outingitwas!
【答案】①disappointing②disappointed③disappointed④disappointment⑤disappointing
8ashamedadj.感到慚愧;羞恥的
Ifyouweakenandhaveacigarette,donotfeel_________.如果你因意志削弱而又抽煙了,也不要覺得難為情。(P19)Barrywasashamedthathehadlosthistemper.巴里因自己發(fā)脾氣感到很慚愧。(朗文P88)Iwasashamedofhavingliedtomymother.我為自己向母親撒謊感到內(nèi)疚。(朗文P88)
beashamedthat...對(duì)感到羞恥;感到羞愧的是feel/beashamedof對(duì)感到慚愧feel/beashamedforsb.替某人感到羞愧beashamedtodosth.恥于做某事
beashamedofoneself為自己感到慚愧It"sashamethat...遺憾
Whatashamethat...多么遺憾
Shefelt________ofdoingthatandtearsrandownhercheeks.A.shameB.a(chǎn)shamedC.sorryD.disappointedB9.dueto由于
Theflightwascancelledduetothefog.航班因霧停飛。
Themeetingisn"tduetostartuntilthree.會(huì)議預(yù)定要到3點(diǎn)才開始。(朗文P584)
Haveyoubeenpaidthemoneythatisduetoyou?你得到應(yīng)得的錢了嗎?(朗文P584)beduetodosth.預(yù)期做某事bedueforsth.應(yīng)有;得到
bedueto(doing)sth./sb.歸因于(做)某事/某人
注意dueto表示原因時(shí)只用來(lái)作狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),不置于句首。
(Hereffortsledtohersuccesswhilehisfailure____________hislazinessandcarelessness.A.leadstoB.duetoC.ledtoD.wasduetoA10.be/becomeaddictedto對(duì)……有癮
DuringadolescenceIalsosmokedand_______________________________當(dāng)我還是一個(gè)十幾歲的孩子時(shí),我也吸煙,而且還上了癮。(P18)Itdoesn"ttakelongtobecomeaddictedtothesedrugs.服用這些毒品不用多久就會(huì)上癮。(朗文P17)Neveraddictyourselftosomuchonlinegames.千萬(wàn)不要迷戀于如此多的網(wǎng)上游戲。addictoneselfto沉迷于;醉心于addictionto...對(duì)上癮;習(xí)慣于avideogameaddict游戲迷
注意beaddictedto中的to是介詞,后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。11.be/get/becomeaccustomedto習(xí)慣于……
Thismeansthatafterawhileyourbody______________________havingnicotineinit.這就是說(shuō),過一段時(shí)間以后,你的身體習(xí)慣了香煙里的尼古丁。(P18)I"mnotaccustomedtogettingupsoearly.我不習(xí)慣這么早起床。(朗文P14)
Ittookawhileformetoaccustommyselftoallthenewrulesandregulations.我花了一段時(shí)間才逐漸適應(yīng)了所有的新規(guī)章制度。(朗文P14)accustomsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.使某人/自己習(xí)慣于(做)某事be/get/becomeusedto(doing)sth.習(xí)慣于(做)某事單項(xiàng)填空
(13)Sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.
Itdoesn"tmatter.I"maccustomedto________.
A.waitB.waitingC.bewaitingD.havewaited12.decideon對(duì)作出決定;選定
____________adaytoquit.確定一個(gè)開始戒煙的日子。(P19)I"meighteennowandIhavearighttodecidemyownfuture.我現(xiàn)在18歲了,有權(quán)決定自己的未來(lái)。(朗文P485)Whatwasitthatfinallydecidedyoutogiveupyourjob?是什么使你最終決定放棄那份工作的?(朗文P485)decidesth.決定某事
decidewhat/when/howtodo...決定什么/何時(shí)/如何做decide(not)todosth.決定(不)做某事decidesb.todosth.使某人決定做某事Itisdecidedthat...決定makeadecision作出決定
makeupone"smind(todo)決心(做某事)介、副詞填空
Theyhavedecided________thedateforthewedding.
Atlastshemade________hermindtotellherparentsthetruth.13.feellike(doing)想要(做);感覺自己像
Everytimeyou__________smokingacigarette,remindyourselfthatyouareanonsmoker.每當(dāng)你想要吸煙的時(shí)候,你就提醒自己你已經(jīng)是不吸煙的人了Doyoufeellikeacupofcoffee?你想來(lái)一杯咖啡嗎?(朗文P624)
Idon"tfeelmyselftoday.我今天不舒服。feelsorryfor為感到難過、遺憾feelathome感到自在;不拘束feelbadlyabout對(duì)感覺難過feellikeoneself心情好;自覺健康feelasif...感覺好像、仿佛feelone"sway摸索著前進(jìn)
Youshouldmakeyourguestsfeel_at_______home.
Youmaynotfeel___like_____goingtobedonsuchabeautifulnight.14.inspiteof不顧;不管
______________allhiseffortshefailed.盡管他已經(jīng)竭盡全力,他還是失敗了。Wewentoutinspiteoftherain.
盡管下著雨,我們還是出去了。(朗文P1921)
Shelovedherhusbandinspiteofthefactthathedranktoomuch.雖然丈夫喝酒很兇,但她仍然愛著他。(朗文P1921)despite=inspiteof盡管(后接名詞、代詞)
despite/inspiteofthefact...盡管,不管(同位語(yǔ)從句)regardlessof...不管,不顧
注意despite和inspiteof是介詞;而although和though是連詞,引導(dǎo)從句。__C______,shecametoschooltoattendtheimportantlecture.
A.ThoughbeingillB.AlthoughillnessC.InspiteofillnessD.Despitehewasill15.take/runarisk/risks冒險(xiǎn)
Wemuststoptherumours;thefirm"sreputationisatrisk.
我們必須制止這些謠傳,公司的名譽(yù)有受損的危險(xiǎn)。(朗文P1705)Therewassomeriskthatfirewouldbreakoutagain.大火有再次燒起來(lái)的危險(xiǎn)。(朗文P1705)atrisk處境危險(xiǎn);遭受危險(xiǎn)attheriskof冒的危險(xiǎn)atone"sownrisk自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)atallrisks無(wú)論冒什么危險(xiǎn)
run/taketheriskof冒的危險(xiǎn)riskit冒險(xiǎn)試一試
riskdoingsth.冒險(xiǎn)做某事
Hegotwellpreparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn"trisk________thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost16.getinto陷入;染上(習(xí)慣);開始對(duì)感興趣
Ofcoursethebestwaytodealwiththesedrugsisnotto_getintothehabitinthefirstplace!當(dāng)然,解決吸毒問題的最佳方法就是首先不要染上這一習(xí)慣。I"msorryifIgotyouintotrouble.
如果我給你添了麻煩,我十分抱歉。(朗文P725)
Ourteacherisclever,butnotverygoodatgettinghisideasacrossgetintotrouble陷入困境
getintothehabitof染上的習(xí)慣getintopanic陷入恐慌
get(sth.)across(tosb.)(使某事)為人理解getalong/onwith進(jìn)展;相處getover克服
getaround/about四處走動(dòng)getthrough接通;完成getin收割;募集(捐款)單項(xiàng)填空
Iusedtoquarrelalotwithmyparents,butnowwe________fine.A.lookoutB.stayupC.carryonD.getalong
句型:
1.I_________sobecauseIwantyoutoliveaslongandhealthyalifeasIhave.我的確希望你把煙戒掉,因?yàn)槲蚁M隳芟裎疫@樣活的健康長(zhǎng)壽。(P18)“do/does/did+動(dòng)詞原形”這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示“的確;確實(shí);真的”,用于肯定句和祈使句中,起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用,有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。Docomeearlytomorrowmorning.明天早晨一定要早來(lái)。
Themanagerdoesthinkhighlyofyoursuggestion.經(jīng)理確實(shí)很看重你的建議。
Ididtellthemonitorabouttheexactresultofthetest.
2.Donotbedisappointedifyouhavetotryseveraltimesbeforeyoufinallystopsmoking.即使你非得經(jīng)過多次戒煙才能最后把它戒掉,你也不要失望。(P19)
before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),除了表示“在之前”以外,還可以表示“(之后)才;(不多久)
就;不等就”。多用于下列句型中:
Itwilltake/takes/tooksb.sometime+before花費(fèi)時(shí)間才Itis/waslongbefore...過了時(shí)間才Itwon"tbelongbefore...不久就
Itwillbelong+before...過多久才
Itwon"tbelongbeforeyourecoverfromtheillness.不用多久你就會(huì)痊愈。
Itwilltakethreeorfiveyearsbeforethecityisrebuilt.需要三至五年時(shí)間這個(gè)城市才能重建。單項(xiàng)填空
TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryears________theNorthwonintheend.A.a(chǎn)fterB.beforeC.whenD.then
語(yǔ)法:
常用并列連詞
1.表示并列的連詞:and,aswellas,notonly...butalso,both...and,neither...nor。Theartistwasbornpoor,________poorheremainedallhislife.A.a(chǎn)ndB.orC.butD.so
【解析】前后句之間是并列關(guān)系,因而使用and連接。
2.表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的連詞:but,while(而,然而),whereas(而),nevertheless(然而)。Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.
Thefirsttwoarefree________thethirdcostsD|S30.A.whileB.untilC.whenD.before
前后兩個(gè)分句之間是并列關(guān)系,表示對(duì)比意義“而,然而”,因而使用連詞while。3.表示因果的連詞:for,so,then;表示條件或結(jié)果的連詞:and,or等。
Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,________hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.A.thoughB.forC.butD.so
【解析】空格后部分用來(lái)解釋前一句的原因,因而使用連詞for。4.表示選擇的連詞:or,either...or,otherwise
Youhavefailedtwice.You"dbetterstartworkingharder,________youwon"tpassthecourse.A.a(chǎn)ndB.SoC.butD.or
【解析】祈使句與后面的陳述句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是對(duì)立關(guān)系,因而用or。
IgrewupinAfrica,________atleastIshouldsaythatIspentmuchofthefirsttenyearsofmylifethere.
A.a(chǎn)ndB.orC.soD.but
根據(jù)句意,此處應(yīng)使用or表示選擇,意為“或者”。用適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞填空
1.Onemoreweek,________wewillaccomplishthetask.
2.Informationtechnologyistaughtinmostschools,____________wehaveenteredtheinformationsociety.
3.Don"tdrivetoofast,________youwillhaveanaccident.
4.TheywantedtochargeD|S5,000forthecar,________wemanagedtobringthepricedown.1.a(chǎn)nd2.for3.or4.but
Unit4詞匯:
1.phenomenonn.plphenomena現(xiàn)象Aneclipseofthemoonisararephenomenon.
Bankruptcyisacommonphenomenoninaneconomicrecession.2.glancevi.lookquicklyat(sb./sth.)n.aquicklookglanceat=takeaglanceat匆匆一看;掃視stareat盯著看;凝視
glareat瞪著眼看;怒目而視;怒視
Sheglancedshylyattheyoungfellowfrombehind.
Theystoodglaringateachotherasiftheywereenemies.
3.decreasevt.&vi.becomesmallerorfewer;diminish;reducedecrease/reduce…to/by…減小,降低到(了);反義increaseStudentnumbershavedecreasedby/to500.Interestinthesportisdecreasing.4.existvi.存在
existencen.存在生存cameintoexistence產(chǎn)生Doeslifeexistonotherplanets?
Fewofthesemonkeysstillexistintheworld.
Pakistancameintoexistenceasanindependentcountryafterthewar.5..supplysb.withsth.=supplysth.for/tosb.提供/供應(yīng)某物給某人providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.
1)Theschoolsuppliesbooksfor/tothechildren.2)Weareheretoprovideaserviceforthepublic.6.compare…to…把……比作
compare…with…把……和……比較
comparedwith/to與……相比(在句中常作狀語(yǔ))comparewith與某人/物相比
Peopleoftencomparechildrentoflowers.
Ifyoucompareherworkwithhis,youllfindhersisbetter.Comparedwith/tomanywomen,shewasindeedveryfortunateThiscantcomparewiththat.
7.comeabout發(fā)生comeacross偶然遇到comeout出版,(花)開Pleasetellmehowtheaccidentcameabout,Imstillinthedark.8.buildup樹立,逐步建立;增加;增進(jìn)(健康);集結(jié)
builduponeshealth增進(jìn)健康buildupagoodreputation/fame樹立良好的聲譽(yù);Trafficisbuildingup.車輛在增多
1)Thisbuiltupmyhopeaftertheinterview.
9.keeponsth/doingsth繼續(xù)/堅(jiān)持做某事表動(dòng)作的反復(fù),有停頓keepdoingsth一直不斷地做某事表動(dòng)作的持續(xù),無(wú)停頓
1)Thoughitwasraining,theykeptonworkinguntilitwasfinished.2)Ikeptstandinginthetrainalltheway.
.keep….from….stop….(from)….prevent…(from)….
Youshouldcleanyourroomtokeepitfromgettingdirty.你應(yīng)該打掃房間以保持干凈。Keepdoing繼續(xù)
keepout擋住使進(jìn)不去keepupwith跟上
Whatdoyouthinkgreenhousegasesdo?你認(rèn)為溫室氣體有什么作用呢?10..onthewhole=inthemain=intheabstract大體上,基本上,總的來(lái)說(shuō)asawhole總體上,作為一個(gè)整體看待Onthewhole,Iaminfavoroftheidea.
11.makeadifference有關(guān)系,有影響,有重要性
makesome/no/any/notmuch/agreatdealofdifference(to…)頗有/沒有/有些/沒有多大/有很大影響(關(guān)系)
Theraindidntmakemuchdifferencetothegame.
Itmakesnodifferencewhetheryougotodayortomorrow.
12.makesense(of)有道理;有意義;講得通;明白;是明智的1)Thissentencedoesntmakesense.2)Canyoumakesenseofthepoem?
3)Itmakessensetobuythemostup-to-dateversion.13.putupwith=stand=bear=standfor忍受,容忍1)Wehadtoputupwiththeinconvenience.10.solongas=aslongas只要;既然,由于
1)Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean.
2)Solongasthereisademandforthesedrugs,thefinancialincentivefordrugdealerswillbethere.
14.uptoasmanyas多達(dá);uptill直到;勝任;正在干,從事著1)Icantakeuptofourinmycar.2)Uptonowhehasbeenveryquiet.3)Hesnotuptothejob.4)Whatssheupto?
15.consumev.----consumer(n.).1消耗,花費(fèi);耗盡
Sheconsumedmostofhertimeinreading.2吃完,喝光
Thekidssoonconsumedallthefoodonthetable.孩子們一會(huì)兒功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。
3使全神貫注,使著迷+with
Theboywasconsumedwithcuriosity.那男孩充滿好奇心。16.as…asonecan=as…aspossible
Pleasecomehereassoonaspossible.=Pleasecomehereassoonasyoucan..asmanyas多達(dá)aslongas長(zhǎng)達(dá),只要asfaras遠(yuǎn)至,就…而論
aswellas和…一樣好,也,和asearlyas早在17.compare
compareto/with:與…相比
Comparedto/withmanywomen,shewasindeedveryfortunate.compareAwithB:相比(不同)
Ifyoucompareherworkwithhis,youwillfindhersismuchbetter.compareAtoB:把A比作B
Poetshavecomparedsleeptodeath.
Ateacher"sworkisoftencomparedtoacandle.Thepoetcompareshislovertoaroseinhispoems.
Comparedtotenyearsago,thecarbondioxidecontentoverthisdecadehasgoneuprapidly.Carbondioxideintheatmosphereiscomparedtotheglassofgreenhouse.Comparedwithissimilarto
Peopleoftencompareteacherstogardeners.人們經(jīng)常把老師比做園丁。Thatprobablydoesntsoundverymuchtoyouormebutitisarapidincrease.comparedtomostnaturalchanges與大多數(shù)的自然變化相比18.Thereisnodoubtthat….毫無(wú)疑問….Thereisnodoubtthathecancomeontime.
doubt的賓語(yǔ)從句,肯定句whether/if/that否定句thatHedoubtedwhethertheywouldbeabletohelp.Heneverdoubtedthattheywouldwinthegame.beyond/withoutdoubt無(wú)疑地Itishumanactivitythat…
原句:Myteacherdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdaymorningwithme.
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ):Itwasmyteacherthatdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdaymorningwithme.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)Itwastheexperimentthatmyteacherdidinthelabyesterdaymorningwithme.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Itwasyesterdaymorningthatmyteacherdidtheexperimentinthelabwithme.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Itwasinthelabthatmyteacherdidtheexperimentyesterdaymorningwithme.強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語(yǔ)Itwaswithmethatmyteacherdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdaymorning.not…until…
Ididntrealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.
ItwasuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIdidntrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.(錯(cuò))ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.(對(duì))強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句句型:Is/Was+被強(qiáng)大的部分+that/who/whom+句子的其他部分?
特殊疑問句強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型的構(gòu)成:特殊疑問詞+be+it+that+句子的其他部分(用陳述語(yǔ)序)例如:
DidhehelpyouwithyourEnglishstudylastweek?
WasithethathelpedyouwithyourEnglishstudylastweek?Whendidyoureceivethegift?
Whenwasitthatyoureceivedthegift?
19.Withoutthegreenhouseeffect,theearthwouldbeaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.如果沒有溫室效應(yīng),地球會(huì)比現(xiàn)在冷33℃▲這是一個(gè)含蓄虛擬條件句
=Iftherewereno“greenhouseeffect”,theearthwouldbeaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.
Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity),therewouldbenomodemindustry.要是沒有電,就不會(huì)有現(xiàn)代工業(yè)。
Hewashavingameetingwithhisstudents;otherwisehewouldhavecome.他當(dāng)時(shí)正與他的學(xué)生進(jìn)行討論,否則的話他就來(lái)幫我們了。Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedtheparty.他昨天很累,不然他就參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)了。20.quantity
1)Helikesreadingandalwaysbuysbooksinquantity.他喜歡閱讀,總是成批地買書。2)Heprefersqualitytoquantitywhenfoodisconcerned.在吃的方面,他重質(zhì)而不重量
3Alargequantityofair-conditionershasbeensoldsincethetemperaturebegantorise.自從氣溫升高,大量的空調(diào)已經(jīng)被賣出去了。
alargequantityof/largequantitiesof;大量的…,許多的…inquantity;成批地,大量地
alargequantityof/largequantitiesof之后接可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。
注意:alargequantityof…作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。largequantitiesof…作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)
Quantitiesoffoodwereonthetable.
HugequantitiesofCO2areaddedtotheatmosphere.
Hugequantitiesoffossilfuelsareburnedtoproduceenergy.
Asaresultofburningfossilfuels,alargeofcarbondioxide___addedtotheatmosphere.A.number;isB.quantity;isC.number;areD.quantity;are
語(yǔ)法:
常考的強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)是it引導(dǎo)的句子。
一、Itis(was)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限于主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。
Itisfromthesunthatwegetlightandheat.
ItwasnotuntilIhadreadyourletterthatIunderstoodthetruestateofaffairs.
KarlboughtMarvaabicycleonherbirthday.卡爾在瑪瓦生日那天給她買了一輛自行車。ItwasKarlthat/whoboughtMarvaabicycleonherbirthday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))ItwasMarvaforwhomKarlboughtabicycleonherbirthday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ))ItwasabicyclethatKarlboughtMarvaonherbirthday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語(yǔ))注意區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的that/who分句與定語(yǔ)從句:
Itwasthestudentthat/whoaskedthesillyquestion.是一個(gè)學(xué)生問了這么一個(gè)愚蠢的問題。(分裂句)
Hewasthestudentwhoaskedthesillyquestion.他就是問了這么一個(gè)愚蠢問題的學(xué)生。(劃線部分是定語(yǔ)從句)
二、not...until...的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式:Itisnotuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that...“直到…才…”,主要用于強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
WedidnotbeginstudyingFrenchuntilweentereduniversity.我們進(jìn)了大學(xué)才開始學(xué)法語(yǔ)。要強(qiáng)調(diào)untilweentereduniversity,就成了:
ItwasnotuntilweentereduniversitythatwebeganstudyingFrench.
______the18thcenturythatmanrealizedthatthewholeofthebrainwasinvolvedintheworkingsofthemind.
A.DuringB.InC.ItwasuntilD.Itwasnotuntil
D對(duì)。直到十八世紀(jì),人們才意識(shí)到:心理活動(dòng)與整個(gè)大腦有關(guān)。三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問句句型1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句句型:
Is/Was+it+所強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who/whom+其它?2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句句型:
特殊疑問詞+is/wasitthat/who/whom+其它?
Whyisitthatyouhatewinter?你究竟為什么不喜歡冬天?
Howwasitthatyoumissedsuchawonderfullecture?你怎么會(huì)錯(cuò)過這么精彩的報(bào)告?Whenwasitthattheywentabroad?他們什么時(shí)候出國(guó)的?四、判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法
判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句是,可把Itis/was…that去掉,剩余部分在不增減任何詞的情況下還是一個(gè)完整的句子,那么這種句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.→InthestreetImetherfather.
Itwasbecauseshewasillthattheydidntaskhertodothejob.→Becauseshewasill,theydidntaskhertodothejob.
Unit5
1.appointv.任命;委派;約定;指定
IavolcanologistworkingfortheHawaiianVolcanoObservatorytwentyyearsago.
作為一名火山學(xué)家,20年前我被派到夏威夷火山觀測(cè)站工作。(P34)She"sappointedassalesdirector.她被任命為銷售部經(jīng)理。(朗文P66)
I"vebeenappointedtoruntheoverseassection.我被指派經(jīng)營(yíng)海外部。(朗文P66)
appointsb.tobe/as...任命/指派某人成為beappointedas/tobe...被任命/指派為appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事appointacommittee任命/組建一個(gè)委員會(huì)appointthedatefor...確定的日期byappointment按照約定
makeanappointment(with)與約會(huì)運(yùn)用上述詞匯完成下面的情景(1)Ihavegotthenewsthattheywill①________anewschoolsecretarytohelptheprinciple.Itissaidyourcousinwillbe②________thesecretary.Ihavemadean③________withhim.④________appointmentwewillmeetthisevening.
【答案】①appoint②appointedas③appointment④By2.match,fit,suit
match用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞,表品質(zhì)、顏色、設(shè)計(jì)等方面匹配,即表示“與相配,和一致”;fit既可用作及物動(dòng)詞也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞,多指衣物等尺寸大小“合適,合身”;suit表示“適合”,強(qiáng)調(diào)衣服的顏色、式樣、質(zhì)地等適合某人,也指“合乎需要、口味、性格、條件和地位”等。Yourtiematchesyoursuitwell.你的領(lǐng)帶非常適合你的套裝。
Theafterschoolprogrammesuitstheneedsofmostofthechildren.課外活動(dòng)適合絕大多數(shù)孩子的需要。Noteveryshoefitseveryfoot.并非每只鞋都合腳。
Howabouteighto"clockoutsidethecinema?That________mefine.
A.fitsB.meetsC.satisfiesD.suits3.
unconsciousadj.失去知覺的;未察覺的
Irusheddownstairsonlytoseemyhostesslyingunconsciousonthefloor,surroundedbyherguests.我急忙跑下樓梯,結(jié)果看到我主人躺在那里昏迷不醒,周圍是她的客人。(P37)Hewasn"tconsciousofhavingoffendedher.他沒有意識(shí)到已經(jīng)冒犯了她。(朗文P363)Shewasconsciousthathedislikedher.她意識(shí)到他不喜歡她。(文馨P397)beunconsciousof未覺察到;未意識(shí)到fall/becomeunconscious失去意識(shí);不省人事becomeconscious清醒過來(lái)beconsciousof意識(shí)到beconsciousthat...意識(shí)到;覺察到
Shewasnot________ofthemanager"spresenceinthehall.A.a(chǎn)ccusedB.proudC.consciousD.valuable4.anxiousadj.憂慮的;不安的
Iwassoandcouldn"tmoveatfirst.我如此焦慮不安,開始時(shí)走不快。(P38)Helenisanxiousabouttravellingonherown.海倫對(duì)自己一個(gè)人出門旅行感到擔(dān)心。(朗文P67)
Shecausedherparentsgreatanxietybyrunningawayfromhome.她離家出走使父母非常憂慮。(文馨P77)beanxiousabout擔(dān)心;焦慮
beanxioustodosth.急切干某事;渴望做某事beanxiousthat...擔(dān)心beanxiousfor盼望;渴望anxietyabout/over對(duì)的擔(dān)心anxietyfor對(duì)的擔(dān)心
anxietytodosth.渴望干某事的急切心情;做的渴望
Theparentswillbe________unlesstheyknowthattheirchildrenaresafeandsound.A.eagerB.nervousC.a(chǎn)nxiousD.conscious5.panicv./n.驚慌;恐慌
Ifeltverynervousandhadtoforcemyselfnotto_______.我感到很緊張,只好迫使自己不要恐慌。(P38)
Shegotintoarealpanicwhenshethoughtshe"dlosttheticket.她十分驚慌,以為自己已把入場(chǎng)券丟了。(朗文P1417)
ShoppersfledthestreetinpanicaftertwobombsexplodedincentralLondon.
兩枚炸彈在倫敦市中心爆炸之后,購(gòu)物者們驚慌失措地逃離了那條街道。(朗文P1417)getintoapanic驚慌失措beinapanic處于恐慌,驚恐中inpanic驚慌地
panicsb.intodoingsth.使某人因驚慌而做某事panicover對(duì)感到驚慌inastateofpanic處于驚恐狀態(tài)
注意panic的過去式和過去分詞都是panicked;現(xiàn)在分詞是panicking。
Hearingamanfollowingher,she________andranasfastasshecould.A.fearedB.panickedC.a(chǎn)fraidD.frightened6.guaranteev.保證;擔(dān)保
Don"tforgettodropacoinintotheclearbluewaterto_____yourlovewillbeasdeepandlastingasthelakeitself.
別忘了投一枚硬幣到清澈的水中,以確保你們的愛情像湖水一樣深厚、持久。(P39)Evenifyoucompleteyourtraining,Ican"tguaranteeyouajob.即使你完成了培訓(xùn),我也無(wú)法保證你能有工作。(朗文P868)Canyougivemeaguaranteethattheworkwillbefinishedontime?你能向我保證工作會(huì)按時(shí)完成嗎?(朗文P868)guarantee(sb.)sth.保證(某人)某事物guaranteethat...保證、擔(dān)保guaranteetodo保證做;擔(dān)保做beguaranteedtodosth.肯定做某事beunderguarantee在保修期內(nèi)givesb.aguarantee(that)向某人保證Thereisnoguaranteeof.../that...不能保證
(7)Yourwatchwillberepairedfreeifit"sstill____________(在保修期內(nèi)).(8)Thecarclubcouldn"t________(保證滿足)thedemandsofallitsmembers.【答案】(7)underguarantee(8)guaranteetomeet7.makeone"sway前往;向前;慢慢成功
Itwasnoteasytowalkinthesesuits,butweslowly_____________totheedgeofthecraterandlookeddownintothered,boilingcentre.
穿著這些衣服走起路來(lái)實(shí)在不容易,但我們還是緩緩?fù)鹕娇诘倪吘壸呷,并且向下看到了紅紅的沸騰的中央。(P35)
Wemadeourwaydownthehilltowardsthetown.我們順著山坡往下朝城里行進(jìn)。(朗文P2247)Thecrowdsteppedasidetomakewayfortheriders.人群避到一旁,讓路給騎馬的人。(朗文P2247)feelone"sway摸索著前進(jìn)fight/pushone"sway推/擠著前進(jìn)
windone"sway蜿蜒前進(jìn)forceone"swayout/in擠出去/進(jìn)來(lái)loseone"sway迷路keepone"sway一直前進(jìn)makewayfor給讓路
Workhardwhileyoungandyouwill________.
A.makeitswayB.makeawayC.makeyourwayD.maketheway8.varyfrom...to由到不等
Theheightoftheland700metersabovesealevelover2,000metersandishometoagreatdiversityofrareplantsandanimals.
這里地面的高度從海拔700米到201*米不等,是多種多樣稀有動(dòng)植物的生長(zhǎng)地。(P39)Teachingmethodsvarygreatlyfromschooltoschool.各個(gè)學(xué)校的教學(xué)方法大不相同。(朗文P2206)Hismoodseemstovaryaccordingtotheweather.他的情緒似乎隨天氣而變化。(朗文P2206)varyinsth.在方面不同;有差異varywith隨變化lackvariety缺乏多樣性
avarietyof=varietiesof種種的;各種各樣的
注意varietyn.變化;多樣性;variedadj.種種的;多姿多彩的;variousadj.種種的(接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或作表語(yǔ))。
(10)Wearetoldthatrooms________insizebutallhavetelevisionsandtelephone.A.changeB.turnC.varyD.different句型
1.I____________________backtosleepsuddenlymybedroombecameasbrightasday.
我剛要再睡,突然我的臥室亮如白晝。(P34)
句中beabouttodo...when...表示“正要這時(shí)”,when引導(dǎo)的從句有“突然”之意,還可以用于下列句型中:
bedoing...when;bejustabouttodo...when;beonthewayto...when;beonthepointofdoingsth....when;hadjustdone...whenIwasabouttogooutwhentherewasaknockonthedoor.我正要出門,這時(shí)有人敲門。
Hewaswalkinginthestreetwhenhecaughtsightofacarracingtowardshim.他正走在街上,突然看見一輛汽車朝他沖了過來(lái)。Hewasonthewayhomewhenastrangerstoppedhim.他正在回家的路上,這時(shí)有個(gè)陌生人攔住了他。
Shewasonthepointofjumpingoffthebuildingwhenapolicemancame.她正要跳樓,警察突然攔住了她。Ihadjustgonetobedwhenthetelephonerang.我剛上床睡覺,這時(shí)電話響了。
2._____itissaidthat___thisboy,whohadagreatgiftforlanguagesandpersuasion,isthefatheroftheManchupeople.
據(jù)說(shuō),這個(gè)男孩就是滿族人的祖先,具有語(yǔ)言天賦和很強(qiáng)的說(shuō)服力。(P39)
句中It"ssaidthat...表示“據(jù)說(shuō)”,可以替換為“Sb./Itissaidto...”,其中的不定式可以有多種形式(一般時(shí)、完成時(shí)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。
Itissaidthatanothertyphoonwillcomesoon.=Anothertyphoonissaidtocomesoon.據(jù)說(shuō)又要來(lái)臺(tái)風(fēng)了
ItissaidthathisfatherinlawhasbeeninfectedwithAIDS.=HisfatherinlawissaidtohavebeeninfectedwithAIDS.據(jù)說(shuō)他岳父感染了艾滋病。類似句型還有:
It"sreported/announced/supposed/hoped/believedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道/已宣布/大家認(rèn)為/大家希望/人們相信
Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat...已經(jīng)決定
Itissuggestedthat...有人建議(從句中用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略)Itmustberememberedthat...務(wù)必記住語(yǔ)法:
動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊用法
1.不定式的時(shí)態(tài):不定式的一般式todo所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或之后發(fā)生;進(jìn)行式tobedoing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;完成式tohavedone所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。
ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported________theworldrecordinthe110meterhurdlerace.
A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.tobreak【解析】句中不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,因而使用不定式的完成時(shí)。
(201*天津)________theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.
A.CompetingB.HavingcompletedC.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete
【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格部分為動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ);該動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生,因而使用不定式的一般式。
2.不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài):不定式的被動(dòng)式表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)是該不定式動(dòng)作的承受者。(201*安徽)Theplay________nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.producedB.beingproduced
C.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced
【解析】空格部分作后置定語(yǔ),且表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,邏輯主語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因而使用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。
Thatnovelissaid________intoovertwelvelanguagesbytheendoflastyear.
A.tobetranslatedB.beingtranslatedC.havingbeentranslatedD.tohavebeentranslated【解析】邏輯主語(yǔ)novel與translate之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,句末時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)bytheendof暗示使用不定式的完成時(shí)。
3.不定式的省略:有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù),可用to來(lái)代替前面提到的不定式。如果在省略不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中有be,have,havebeen時(shí),這些詞要保留。
I"llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?Notatall.________.
A.I"venotimeB.I"drathernotC.I"dbehappytoD.I"dlikeit【解析】I"dbehappyto=I"dbehappytolookafteryourcat.(201*江蘇)What"sthematterwithDella?
Well,herparentswouldn"tallowhertogototheparty,butshestill________.A.hopestoB.hopessoC.hopesnotD.hopesfor
【解析】hopesto是省略形式,不定式符號(hào)后省略了“gototheparty”。
友情提示:本文中關(guān)于《高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)》給出的范例僅供您參考拓展思維使用,高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié):該篇文章建議您自主創(chuàng)作。
來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理 免責(zé)聲明:本文僅限學(xué)習(xí)分享,如產(chǎn)生版權(quán)問題,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們及時(shí)刪除。